Probiotics are being used increasingly in pregnant women, whereas the efficiency on pregnancy outcomes is yet lacking. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. Relative risks (RR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95 % CI were employed to calculate the summary outcomes. A total of eighteen randomised controlled trials (RCT) including 4356 pregnant women were eligible. The summary RR indicated that probiotic supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of atopic eczema (RR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·81; P < 0·001) and eczema (RR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·91; P = 0·002) without significant heterogeneity. Probiotic supplementation was associated with a prolonged gestational age (WMD 0·09; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·15; P = 0·001) with insignificant heterogeneity, whereas no significant effect was exerted on birth weight (P = 0·851). The risks of death (RR 0·34; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·91; P = 0·031) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (RR 0·38; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·81; P = 0·012) were significantly reduced in pregnant women receiving probiotics without evidence of heterogeneity. These findings suggested that probiotics in pregnant women were beneficial for atopic eczema, eczema, gestational age, death and NEC.

中文翻译：

---

益生菌补充剂对孕妇的影响：随机对照试验的荟萃分析

益生菌在孕妇中的使用越来越多，而对妊娠结局的效率仍然缺乏。检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆。使用具有 95% CI 的相对风险 (RR) 或加权平均差 (WMD) 来计算总结结果。共有 18 项随机对照试验 (RCT)，包括 4356 名孕妇符合条件。总结 RR 表明，补充益生菌可显着降低特应性湿疹的风险（RR 0·68；95 % CI 0·58, 0·81；磷< 0·001) 和湿疹 (RR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·91;磷= 0·002) 没有显着的异质性。益生菌补充剂与延长胎龄相关（WMD 0·09；95 % CI 0·04, 0·15；磷= 0·001) 异质性不显着，而对出生体重没有显着影响 (磷= 0·851)。死亡风险（RR 0·34；95 % CI 0·13, 0·91；磷= 0·031) 和坏死性小肠结肠炎 (NEC) (RR 0·38; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·81;磷= 0·012) 在没有异质性证据的情况下接受益生菌的孕妇显着降低。这些发现表明，孕妇中的益生菌对特应性湿疹、湿疹、胎龄、死亡和 NEC 有益。