Sensor networks are an apt amalgamation of sensing, processing and communication. These networks are formed using tiny inexpensive sensor nodes which have the attributes of low processing power and short radio ranges. They steer themselves to numerous applications and at the same instance, encounter stark energy constraints and face scarce memory resources. The discerning personas of sensor networks also have a direct influence on the hardware design of these nodes. Innumerable hardware platforms like Crossbow, Intel, and IvMote have been fabricated to examine the ideas of the research community and to implement applications in all arenas of science and technology. With so many applications designed in this area, security issues are of paramount importance. In this article, security architectures on the two layers of the network stack—link layer and network layer have been surveyed. The paper surveys the various security requirements for designing a wireless sensor network discussing the architecture of the protocols in comparison with the security primitives of IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless sensor network (Shon and Choi in Towards the implementation of reliable data transmission for 802.15.4-based wireless sensor. Ubiquitous intelligence and computing, 5061. Lecture notes in computer science, 363–372, 2008). The paper examines TinySec (Karlof et al. in TinySec: a link layer security architecture for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on embedded networked sensor systems, 2004) a standard protocol used in TinyOS; the operating system deployed in sensor networks; and C-Sec (Moh’d et al. in C-Sec: energy efficient link layer encryption protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings in consumer communications and networking conference (CCNC), 2012) at the link layer and MiniSec (Luk et al. in iniSec: a secure sensor network communication architecture. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on information processing in sensor networks (IPSN ‘07), New York, 2007) and MoteSec-Aware (Tsou et al. in IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 12(6):2817–2829, 2013) at the network layer. The survey focusses on the vulnerabilities dealt by each protocol, their challenges with respect to energy consumption, scalability and availability. It also highlights the challenges that the protocols have not been able to handle because of resource restrictions. It also projects some future research directions in the area of security.

中文翻译：

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无线传感器网络中的安全架构

传感器网络是传感，处理和通信的适当融合。这些网络是使用价格低廉的微型传感器节点构成的，这些节点具有处理能力低和无线电范围短的特点。它们将自己引向众多应用程序，并且在同一时刻遇到严格的能源约束并面临稀缺的内存资源。敏感的传感器网络角色也直接影响这些节点的硬件设计。无数的硬件平台，例如Crossbow，Intel和IvMote旨在研究研究界的想法并在科学和技术的所有领域中实现应用。在这一领域设计了如此众多的应用程序时，安全问题至关重要。在本文中，已经研究了网络堆栈两层（链接层和网络层）上的安全体系结构。该白皮书调查了设计无线传感器网络的各种安全要求，并与无线传感器网络的IEEE 802.15.4标准的安全原语进行了比较，讨论了协议的体系结构（Shon和Choi中的“实现802.15的可靠数据传输”）。基于4的无线传感器，无处不在的智能和计算，5061。计算机科学讲座，363-372，2008年。本文研究了TinySec（Karlof等人在TinySec中：无线传感器网络的链路层安全体系结构。在：第二届嵌入式网络传感器系统国际会议论文集，2004年），TinyOS中使用的标准协议；传感器网络中部署的操作系统；和C-Sec（Moh'd等人，在C-Sec中：用于无线传感器网络的节能链路层加密协议。在：消费者通信和网络会议（CCNC）会议录，2012年）中的链路层和MiniSec（Luk） iniSec等人：安全的传感器网络通信体系结构，于：第六届国际传感器网络信息处理会议（IPSN '07，纽约，2007年）和MoteSec-Aware（Tsou等人，IEEE Trans网络层的Wirel Commun 12（6）：2817-2829，2013年）。调查重点在于每种协议所处理的漏洞，他们在能耗，可扩展性和可用性方面的挑战。它还强调了协议由于资源限制而无法处理的挑战。它还预测了安全领域的一些未来研究方向。