Enabling resources are the array of tangible and intangible assets that social entrepreneurs mobilize or create to bring forward novel place-based initiatives, to respond to unmet sustainability challenges and ideally contribute to virtuous processes of socio-economic transformation. Understanding the role of resources in constraining or enabling the development of social enterprises holds important implications not merely for the initiatives, but also for the places where they are embedded. Existing studies fail to provide a comprehensive, empirically grounded account of resources for place-based social entrepreneurship. This paper aims to fill this gap, by exploring the array of resources that enable and constrain the development of Green Care practice, i.e., nature-based activities with a social innovation purpose. Three communities of Finnish practitioners—a nature-tourism company, a care farm, and a biodynamic farm—were involved over the span of 3 years in research activities conducted with an in-depth qualitative approach. Participants were engaged in several stages of iterative learning combining conventional and action-research methods: semi-structured interviews, participatory mapping, and a co-creation workshop. Results show that entrepreneurs resort to a great variety of enabling resources, inclusive of both tangible and intangible assets, that are only marginally considered by relevant literature. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a novel set of enabling resources, comprehensive of nine clusters: infrastructural, institutional, material, place-specific, organizational culture-related, social, ethical, affective, and competence-related. Two concluding insights can be inferred: understanding resources is paramount to grasp possibilities and challenges of place-based entrepreneurship; in-depth participatory processes are needed for a thorough and grounded investigation of enabling resources in places.

中文翻译：

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探索基于地方的社会企业家精神的扶持资源：芬兰绿色护理实践的参与式研究

赋能资源是社会企业家动员或创造的一系列有形和无形资产，以提出新颖的基于地方的计划，以应对未满足的可持续性挑战，并理想地为社会经济转型的良性过程做出贡献。理解资源在限制或促进社会企业发展中的作用不仅对计划具有重要意义，而且对计划的嵌入地也具有重要意义。现有研究未能为基于位置的社会企业家精神提供全面的，基于经验的资源描述。本文旨在通过探索一系列资源来填补和弥补这一空白，这些资源可以支持和限制绿色护理实践的发展，即以社会创新为目的的基于自然的活动。芬兰从业者的三个社区（一家自然旅游公司，一家护理农场和一家生物动力农场）在3年的时间里以深入的定性方法参与了研究活动。参与者参与了迭代学习的多个阶段，这些阶段结合了常规方法和行动研究方法：半结构化访谈，参与式映射和联合创建研讨会。结果表明，企业家诉诸各种赋能资源，包括有形和无形资产，而相关文献对此只作了少量考虑。基于这些发现，本文提出了一套新颖的赋能资源，包括九个类集：基础设施，机构，物质，特定场所，组织文化相关，社会，道德，情感和能力相关。可以得出两个结论性的见解：了解资源对于把握基于地点的创业的可能性和挑战至为重要；需要进行深入的参与式过程，以便对场所中的可用资源进行彻底和扎实的调查。