Information about the human burdens of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low- and middle-income countries is limited. In particular, studies often include only a small subset of POPs. To address this data gap, we aimed to assess maternal-child exposures to POPs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We quantified 16 organochlorine pesticides, 12 polychlorinated biphenyls, 21 brominated flame retardants, 18 per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and short-chain chlorinated paraffins in 18 pooled samples of human cord blood from 90 mother–infant pairs living in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2014–2015). In all pooled samples, we detected high levels of p,p′-DDT (median 81.6 ng/g lipid) and its metabolites p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD (median 551 and 10.7 ng/g lipid, respectively), where the p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT ratio ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 indicating recent dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure. We also detected acenaphthene, decabromodiphenyl ethane, o,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexabromobenzene, and perfluorooctanoic acid in a subset of samples. For the other 59 target compounds, concentrations were below the limits of detection, despite using ultra-trace analytical methodology. No trends were observed when stratifying the analyses of detected POP concentrations by maternal age, maternal body mass index, or large fish consumption. These findings highlight recent DDT exposure in Dhaka, but the overall POP burden was otherwise low in this sample of pregnant women/newborns. Future monitoring efforts should focus on newly detected POPs for which burdens may be increasing due to ongoing industrialization in Bangladesh.

中文翻译：

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孟加拉国达卡的母婴与持久性有机污染物的接触

关于中低收入国家持久性有机污染物（POPs）的人类负担的信息有限。特别是，研究通常只包括一小部分持久性有机污染物。为了解决这一数据缺口，我们旨在评估孟加拉国达卡的母婴持久性有机污染物暴露。我们对生活在90个母婴对中的18份人类脐带血样本中的16种有机氯农药，12种多氯联苯，21种溴化阻燃剂，18种全氟和多氟烷基物质，2种多环芳烃和短链氯化石蜡进行了定量分析。孟加拉国达卡（2014–2015）。在所有合并的样品，我们检测到高水平的p，p滴滴涕（中位数81.6纳克/克脂肪）和它的代谢产物p，p '-DDE和p，p '滴滴滴（中值551和10.7纳克/克脂肪，分别地），其中，p，p '-DDE / p，p滴滴涕比率范围从2.9到9.8，指示最近二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（DDT）曝光。我们还检测了，十溴二苯乙烷，o，p' -DDT，o，p部分样品中的′-DDE，六氯苯，β-六氯环己烷，六溴苯和全氟辛酸。对于其他59种目标化合物，尽管使用超痕量分析方法，但其浓度仍低于检测极限。按孕产妇年龄，孕产妇体重指数或大量食用鱼类对检测到的持久性有机污染物浓度进行分层分析时，未观察到任何趋势。这些发现突显了达卡最近暴露于滴滴涕的情况，但是在该孕妇/新生儿样本中，总的持久性有机污染物负担较低。未来的监测工作应集中于新发现的持久性有机污染物，由于孟加拉国正在进行的工业化，其负担可能正在增加。