ABSTRACT Planning the vegetation restoration of badlands requires an understanding of the mechanisms associated with seed transport due to runoff and soil erosion. This is particularly important in semiarid environments, such as those found in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, where rainfall mostly occurs in the form of intense short-term events with a high potential to trigger strong runoff and soil erosion processes. The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of seed morphology, surface slope, soil surface cover conditions, and rainfall characteristics on the transport of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seeds in a soil flume under simulated rainfall. Rainfall intensities (45–270 mm h−1) and patterns (uniform, advanced, and delayed) were simulated on a variety of surface slopes (10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%), where 27 seeds of each species were distributed on the soil surface of bare soil or under applied mulching (coconut powder at a density of 8 t ha−1). Seed transport by runoff increased with rainfall intensity and surface slope and decreased with mulching. This study suggests that the application of mulch as an erosion control technique and the use of heavy and flat seeds would help vegetation restoration on steep slopes highly prone to soil erosion.

中文翻译：

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非常规多年生作物土壤种子置换影响因素的比较评价

摘要 规划荒地的植被恢复需要了解与径流和土壤侵蚀导致的种子运输相关的机制。这在半干旱环境中尤为重要，例如在巴西东北部伯南布哥州发现的那些环境，那里的降雨主要以强烈的短期事件的形式发生，极有可能引发强烈的径流和土壤侵蚀过程。本实验室研究的目的是评估种子形态、表面坡度、土壤表面覆盖条件和降雨特征对辣木 (Moringa oleifera Lam.) 和印楝 (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) 种子运输的影响模拟降雨下的土壤水槽。在各种地表坡度（10%、30%、50%、和 70%)，其中每个物种 27 粒种子分布在裸土的土壤表面或施用覆盖物（椰子粉密度为 8 t ha-1）。径流种子运输随降雨强度和地表坡度而增加，随覆盖而减少。这项研究表明，使用覆盖物作为侵蚀控制技术以及使用重而扁平的种子将有助于在极易发生水土流失的陡坡上恢复植被。