We demonstrate structural, optical and morphological characteristics of surfactant stabilized ZnO floret array by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Photoluminescence spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Effects of using weak and strong bases as hexamethylenetetraamine and ammonium hydroxide which work as surfactant have been investigated. High crystallinity has been indicated by XRD patterns. The HRTEM and FESEM reveal that synthesized samples are composed of nanopetal assembled in a shape of floret array. The proposed growth mechanism of 3D ZnO floret arrays exhibits that tremendous amount of ZnO kernel clumps with each other and appears as a broad root for the growing of floret array-like structure. ZnO floret array as photoanode material was used in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This distinctive morphology significantly increases the photovoltaic parameters of DSSC. The optimized efficiency for ZnO floret array as photoanode was found to be 6.6%.

中文翻译：

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表面活性剂在优化3D ZnO小花作为染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极中的作用

我们通过X射线衍射仪（XRD），光致发光光谱仪，场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）证明了表面活性剂稳定的ZnO小花阵列的结构，光学和形态特征。研究了使用弱碱和强碱作为表面活性剂的六亚甲基四胺和氢氧化铵的效果。XRD图谱表明高结晶度。HRTEM和FESEM揭示合成的样品由以花瓣状排列的纳米花瓣组成。拟议的3D ZnO小花阵列生长机制显示出大量的ZnO核彼此结块，并成为小花阵列状结构生长的广阔根源。ZnO小花阵列作为光阳极材料被用于染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）。这种独特的形态显着增加了DSSC的光伏参数。发现ZnO小花阵列作为光阳极的最佳效率为6.6％。