While crowds online are increasingly used for data gathering and problem solving, the relationships and structures within these processes remain largely unexamined. For understanding the usage of crowdsourcing and to design appropriate technologies and processes, it is important to understand how different tools support relationships in these contexts. Based on an extensive literature review of existing crowdsourcing tools and practices, we contribute with the development of a typology of alienation in crowdsourcing by using Marx’s theory of alienation. The theory serves as a lens to compare and contrast a number of currently available tools for crowdsourcing, focusing on how relationships between participants are supported and capitalized within the tool. We show how different types of crowdsourcing practices can be described in terms of alienation where the producer, the producers, the consumers, and products are connected in different modes of participation. This systematical application of Marx theory of alienation provides a way to compare the technical support for social relationships in a number of platforms used for crowdsourcing.

中文翻译：

---

资本化关系：参与众包的模式

尽管越来越多的人将在线人群用于数据收集和问题解决，但这些流程之间的关系和结构仍未得到充分审查。为了了解众包的用法并设计适当的技术和流程，重要的是要了解不同的工具如何在这些情况下支持关系。在对现有众包工具和实践进行广泛文献综述的基础上，我们利用马克思的异化理论为众包异化类型的发展做出了贡献。该理论充当比较和对比许多当前可用的众包工具的镜头，重点关注如何在工具内支持和利用参与者之间的关系。我们展示了如何通过异化来描述不同类型的众包实践，其中生产者，生产者，消费者和产品以不同的参与方式联系在一起。马克思异化理论的这种系统性应用提供了一种方法，可以比较在用于众包的许多平台中对社会关系的技术支持。