This study investigates the disparities in access to various types of opportunities in ethnic neighborhoods, as compared to wealthy white neighborhoods (the reference). Focusing on the heterogeneity within ethnic neighborhoods, I distinguish between different types of neighborhoods based on their racial/ethnic makeup and median household income. The Los Angeles region provides an interesting empirical setting because of its racial diversity and its auto-centric spatial structure. The results show that the various types of ethnic neighborhoods differ not only in spatial patterns within the region but also in terms of relative access to opportunities. Nevertheless, I find that all types of the low-income ethnic neighborhoods have higher levels of access to jobs and non-work opportunities, except for access to parks/open spaces, than do the reference neighborhoods. This holds true regardless of accessibility measures and travel modes. However, the relative access to opportunities for middle-to-high-income ethnic neighborhoods varies by accessibility measure. Considering that each accessibility measure has its own set of meanings and planning implications, diverse measures should be taken into account for policy interventions. The present study also adds further evidence of modal disparities, which are much greater than spatial disparities, in access to opportunities.

中文翻译：

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不同社区类型获得机会的差异：洛杉矶地区的案例研究

本研究调查了与富裕的白人社区（参考）相比，少数民族社区在获得各种机会方面的差异。关注种族社区内的异质性，我根据种族/民族构成和家庭收入中位数区分不同类型的社区。由于其种族多样性和以汽车为中心的空间结构，洛杉矶地区提供了一个有趣的经验环境。结果表明，不同类型的民族聚居区不仅在区域内的空间格局上存在差异，而且在机会的相对获取方面也存在差异。尽管如此，我发现所有类型的低收入族裔社区都有更高水平的工作和非工作机会，除了进入公园/开放空间，比参考邻域。无论可访问性措施和出行方式如何，这都是正确的。然而，中高收入族裔社区获得机会的相对机会因可达性指标而异。考虑到每项可及性措施都有其自身的一套含义和规划影响，政策干预应考虑多种措施。本研究还进一步证明了在获得机会方面的模式差异，这比空间差异大得多。政策干预应考虑多种措施。本研究还进一步证明了在获得机会方面的模式差异，这比空间差异大得多。政策干预应考虑多种措施。本研究还进一步证明了在获得机会方面的模式差异，这比空间差异大得多。