The simplification of native habitats leads to biodiversity decline in tropical terrestrial ecosystems. We evaluated how conversion of three types of native Cerrado vegetation (open grassland, typical savanna, and woodland savanna) to two human-managed land uses (Eucalyptus plantations and pastures) affects ant richness and composition in arboreal, epigaeic, and hypogaeic ant communities. We also sampled vegetation and soil characteristics to determine which specific features could be driving differences in ant communities with land use conversion. In general, biodiversity was negatively affected by conversion to Eucalyptus plantations and pastures regardless of vegetation type. But these impacts do not act in the same way in each ant strata or vegetation type. Grass and herbaceous cover was the most important environmental variable correlated with diversity in open grassland and plant richness and litter diversity were the most important environmental variables for ant species in typical and woodland savannas. Our results indicate that expanding Eucalyptus plantations may have stronger negative impacts from conversion of open vegetation types while pasture implementation may have stronger negative effects if implemented in closed vegetation types. Thus, we show the need of protection of the diversity of all native vegetation found in the Brazilian Cerrado (from open to forested habitats).

原生生境的简化导致热带陆地生态系统生物多样性的下降。我们评估了将三种类型的Cerrado原生植被（开阔草原，典型热带草原和林地热带稀树草原）转换为两种人类管理的土地利用方式（桉树人工林和牧场）如何影响树栖，附生和低蚂蚁群落中的蚂蚁丰富度和组成。我们还对植被和土壤特征进行了采样，以确定哪些特定特征可能会导致土地利用转换导致蚂蚁群落的差异。总的来说，生物多样性受到转化为桉树的不利影响人工林和牧场，无论植被类型如何。但是这些影响在每种蚂蚁地层或植被类型中的作用方式都不相同。草和草覆盖度是与开阔草地多样性相关的最重要的环境变量，而植物丰富度和凋落物多样性是典型和林地稀树草原蚂蚁物种最重要的环境变量。我们的结果表明，桉树人工林的扩张可能会因开放植被类型的转换而产生更大的负面影响，而如果在封闭植被类型中实施牧场，则实施牧场可能会产生更大的负面影响。因此，我们表明有必要保护在巴西Cerrado（从开放到森林生境）中发现的所有本地植被的多样性。