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Development of Scalable 2D Plane Array for Transcranial Ultrasonic Neuromodulation on Non-Human Primates: An Ex Vivo Study
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-13 , DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2959436
Ye Yang , Congzhi Wang , Yongchuan Li , Jiqing Huang , Feiyan Cai , Yang Xiao , Teng Ma , Hairong Zheng

Ultrasonic neuromodulation on large animals, like non-human primates, requires the array transducer to have a good steering ability to arbitrarily stimulate various brain locations. Moreover, due to the different sizes of the animal heads, the array is preferred to be conveniently adjustable to different aperture sizes. To meet these requirements, a scalable 2D plane array, which can consist of up to tens of 256-element square modules, has been designed and fabricated in this study. Arrays with large apertures, consisting of 12 and 48 modules (including 3072 and 12288 elements, respectively), have been assembled and tested. The square modules were driven at a center frequency of 1.04 MHz. The transcranial and steering abilities of the modules were verified in a water tank on an ex vivo macaque skull. A focused beam transmitted by single module could pass through the skull with its peak acoustic pressure reduced to 18.1% of that in the free-field, with an acceptable transverse steering range up to 10 mm. Moreover, a much smaller focal spot was obtained by simultaneous transmission using two vertical-placed modules. Compared to the single module, the focal zone axial size was reduced from 29.7 mm to 3.3 mm, and the “stripes” pattern in the focal zone caused by standing waves was eliminated using a difference-frequency transmitting strategy. Such scalable 2D plane array, which can provide a small-size focal spot and has a large steering range and an acceptable transcranial ability, can be useful in research on ultrasonic neuromodulation on non-human primates.

中文翻译:

用于非人类灵长类动物的经颅超声神经调节的可扩展二维平面阵列的开发:一项体外研究

大型动物(如非人类灵长类动物)的超声神经调节,要求阵列传感器具有良好的操纵能力,可以任意刺激大脑的各个部位。此外,由于动物头部的大小不同,该阵列优选地可方便地调节到不同的孔径大小。为了满足这些要求,本研究设计并制造了可扩展的2D平面阵列,该阵列可包含多达数十个256个元素的正方形模块。具有12个和48个模块(分别包括3072和12288个元件)的大口径阵列已被组装和测试。方形模块以1.04 MHz的中心频率驱动。在离体猕猴头骨上的水箱中验证了模块的经颅和操纵能力。由单个模块传输的聚焦光束可以穿过颅骨,其峰值声压降低到自由场的峰值声压的18.1%,可接受的横向转向范围可达10 mm。而且,通过使用两个垂直放置的模块同时传输,获得了更小的焦点。与单个模块相比,焦点区域的轴向尺寸从29.7 mm减小到3.3 mm,并且使用差频传输策略消除了由驻波引起的焦点区域中的“条纹”图案。这种可缩放的二维平面阵列可提供小尺寸的焦点,并具有较大的操纵范围和可接受的经颅能力,可用于研究非人类灵长类动物的超声神经调节。自由场的1%,横向转向范围可达10 mm。而且,通过使用两个垂直放置的模块同时传输,获得了更小的焦点。与单个模块相比,焦点区域的轴向尺寸从29.7 mm减小到3.3 mm,并且使用差频传输策略消除了由驻波引起的焦点区域中的“条纹”图案。这种可缩放的二维平面阵列可提供小尺寸的焦点,并具有较大的操纵范围和可接受的经颅能力,可用于研究非人类灵长类动物的超声神经调节。自由场的1%,横向转向范围可达10 mm。而且,通过使用两个垂直放置的模块同时传输,获得了更小的焦点。与单个模块相比,焦点区域的轴向尺寸从29.7 mm减小到3.3 mm,并且使用差频传输策略消除了由驻波引起的焦点区域中的“条纹”图案。这种可缩放的二维平面阵列可提供小尺寸的焦点,并具有较大的操纵范围和可接受的经颅能力,可用于研究非人类灵长类动物的超声神经调节。与单个模块相比,焦点区域的轴向尺寸从29.7 mm减小到3.3 mm,并且使用差频传输策略消除了由驻波引起的焦点区域中的“条纹”图案。这种可缩放的二维平面阵列可提供小尺寸的焦点,并具有较大的操纵范围和可接受的经颅能力,可用于研究非人类灵长类动物的超声神经调节。与单个模块相比,焦点区域的轴向尺寸从29.7 mm减小到3.3 mm,并且使用差频传输策略消除了由驻波引起的焦点区域中的“条纹”图案。这种可缩放的二维平面阵列可提供小尺寸的焦点,并具有较大的操纵范围和可接受的经颅能力,可用于研究非人类灵长类动物的超声神经调节。
更新日期:2020-03-04
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