The increasing risk and exposure of people and assets to natural hazards and disasters suggests an increasing need for temporary housing following disasters. Resilience to natural hazards is dependent on the resources available to families or communities to prepare for and mitigate risk, influenced by social vulnerability. This study seeks to quantify the total environmental impact of temporary housing deployment in New Orleans, using the catastrophic impact of Hurricane Katrina in southern Louisiana in August 2005 as a case example. We employ a novel approach to estimate displacement period and take into account social vulnerability across New Orleans neighborhoods to better understand the scale of post-disaster relief and its global warming potential. The methodology implemented in this study comprises three steps: a risk assessment, a life cycle assessment, and a resulting total impact assessment. We demonstrate the considerable risk of greenhouse gas emissions and energy impacts from temporary housing deployment linked to hurricane hazard. Furthermore, we show that environmental impact is highly sensitive to displacement period and find the current methodology of anticipating temporary housing use by hazard alone to be inadequate. Additionally, the approach presented in this article provides tools to politicians and disaster risk professionals that allow for resource investment planning to decrease social vulnerability, thus enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity in a more homogeneous way at the urban scale.

中文翻译：

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量化城市规模的临时住房对环境的影响：新奥尔良的脆弱性与飓风后救济的交集

人员和资产遭受自然灾害和灾难的风险日益增加，暴露于灾害之后，人们对临时住房的需求也日益增加。抵御自然灾害的能力取决于家庭或社区可利用的资源来准备和减轻受社会脆弱性影响的风险。这项研究以2005年8月在路易斯安那州南部发生的卡特里娜飓风的灾难性影响为例，旨在量化新奥尔良临时住房部署对环境的总体影响。我们采用一种新颖的方法来估计流离失所的时间，并考虑到新奥尔良各社区之间的社会脆弱性，以更好地了解灾后救灾的规模及其全球变暖的潜力。本研究实施的方法包括三个步骤：风险评估，生命周期评估，以及由此产生的总体影响评估。我们证明了与飓风危害相关的临时住房部署带来的温室气体排放和能源影响的巨大风险。此外，我们表明环境影响对流离失所期高度敏感，并发现目前仅靠危害来预测临时住房使用的方法是不充分的。此外，本文介绍的方法为政客和灾难风险专业人员提供了工具，使他们可以进行资源投资规划来减少社会脆弱性，从而以更统一的方式在城市规模上增强弹性和适应能力。我们证明了与飓风危害相关的临时住房部署带来的温室气体排放和能源影响的巨大风险。此外，我们表明环境影响对流离失所期高度敏感，并发现仅靠危害来预测临时住房使用的当前方法是不充分的。此外，本文介绍的方法为政客和灾难风险专业人员提供了工具，使他们可以进行资源投资规划来减少社会脆弱性，从而以更统一的方式在城市规模上增强弹性和适应能力。我们证明了与飓风危害相关的临时住房部署带来的温室气体排放和能源影响的巨大风险。此外，我们表明环境影响对流离失所期高度敏感，并发现仅靠危害来预测临时住房使用的当前方法是不充分的。此外，本文介绍的方法为政客和灾难风险专业人员提供了工具，使他们可以进行资源投资规划来减少社会脆弱性，从而以更统一的方式在城市规模上增强弹性和适应能力。