In the United Kingdom, as in most other countries, the required fire resistance period of a building is traditionally given by the recommendations of prescriptive documents, such as the Approved Document B, depending on the usage and the height of the building. However, for large developments like stadia and arenas, which involve different usages such as assembly, office and retail facilities in combination with a very large number of people and the significance of this type of structure to the communities, these simple rules given in the prescriptive guidance to fire safety are not applicable. Furthermore, structural fire protection forms a significant part of the cost of a structure and also plays a significant part in the environmental impact and the embodied energy. Therefore, a risk based approach to the fire resistance requirements of large stadia and arenas has been developed and validated in this paper to ensure that the appropriate standard of safety is achieved in the most appropriate and economic manner. The approach allows a detailed assessment of the risk of failure of individual elements of structure and structural systems in a stadium rather than specifying a single fire resistance period for the whole building, which might be overly conservative for some members, but potentially unsafe for critical elements. The approach also allows for investigating the influence of individual parameters such as management, and the fire load. The method ensures that all three risk parameters i.e. frequency, probability, consequence will be assessed for the different structural elements based on available data from similar buildings, calculations and experiences. It could be shown that the proposed method gives consistent and comparable results for office, retail and assembly buildings, if compared with the recommendations given in the British Standard BS9999. It should be noted that the approach is based on the principles of risk; however it is semi-quantitative, and as a result contains some subjectivity. Therefore, it is important that the results are assessed for consistency and that they are logical and explainable.

中文翻译：

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根据风险定义体育场和竞技场开发项目的耐火要求

在英国，与大多数其他国家一样，建筑物的要求耐火期传统上是根据建筑物的用途和高度，由规范性文件（例如批准的文件B）的建议给出的。但是，对于大型体育场馆（如体育场馆和竞技场），它们涉及不同的用途，例如集会，办公和零售设施以及大量人员，以及这种类型的结构对社区的重要性，这些简单的规则在说明中给出消防安全指南不适用。此外，结构防火是结构成本的重要组成部分，并且在环境影响和所体现的能源方面也起着重要作用。因此，本文已经开发并验证了一种基于风险的方法来满足大型体育场和竞技场的耐火要求，以确保以最适当和经济的方式达到适当的安全标准。该方法允许对体育场中结构和结构系统的各个元素发生故障的风险进行详细评估，而不是为整个建筑物指定一个单一的耐火期，这对于某些成员而言可能过于保守，但对于关键元素则可能不安全。该方法还允许调查各个参数（例如管理）和火灾负荷的影响。该方法可确保所有三个风险参数，即频率，概率，将根据类似建筑物，计算和经验得出的可用数据评估不同结构元素的后果。可以证明，与英国标准BS9999中的建议相比，所提出的方法在办公，零售和装配大楼中可提供一致且可比的结果。应该指出的是，这种方法是基于风险原则的；但是它是半定量的，因此具有一定的主观性。因此，重要的是评估结果的一致性，并且逻辑性和可解释性。应该指出的是，这种方法是基于风险原则的；但是它是半定量的，因此具有一定的主观性。因此，重要的是评估结果的一致性，并且逻辑性和可解释性。应该指出的是，这种方法是基于风险原则的；但是它是半定量的，因此具有一定的主观性。因此，评估结果的一致性并使其具有逻辑性和可解释性非常重要。