The emergence of flexible wearable electronics as a new platform for accurate, unobtrusive, user-friendly, and longitudinal sensing has opened new horizons for personalized assistive tools for monitoring human locomotion and physiological signals. Herein, we survey recent advances in methodologies and materials involved in unobtrusively sensing a medium to large range of applied pressures and motions, such as those encountered in large-scale body and limb movements or posture detection. We discuss three commonly used methodologies in human gait studies: inertial, optical, and angular sensors. Next, we survey the various kinds of electromechanical devices (piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, triboelectric, and transistive) that are incorporated into these sensor systems; define the key metrics used to quantitate, compare, and optimize the efficiency of these technologies; and highlight state-of-the-art examples. In the end, we provide the readers with guidelines and perspectives to address the current challenges of the field.

中文翻译：

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用于监测人体运动的可穿戴传感器：机理，材料和挑战的回顾。

柔性可穿戴电子设备作为精确，不干扰，用户友好和纵向感测的新平台的出现，为监视人类运动和生理信号的个性化辅助工具开辟了新视野。本文中，我们调查了在不显眼地感应中等到很大范围内施加的压力和运动（例如在大规模的肢体运动或姿势检测中遇到的压力和运动）中所涉及的方法和材料的最新进展。我们讨论了人类步态研究中三种常用的方法：惯性，光学和角度传感器。接下来，我们调查了集成在这些传感器系统中的各种机电设备（压阻式，压电式，电容式，摩擦电动和晶体管式）。定义用于量化，比较，并优化这些技术的效率；并重点介绍最新的示例。最后，我们为读者提供指南和观点，以解决该领域当前的挑战。