BackgroundFrom the last few decades several lakes and wetlands showed water quality degradation that is one of the major problems globally resulting in serious environmental impacts and concern in both aquatic and terrestrial environs.MethodsDuring this study we evaluated a number of water parameters [water temperature, depth, transparency, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), dissolved oxygen, chloride, calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity, nitrogen and phosphorus] on the monthly basis in September 2012–August 2013 in Hokersar wetland.ResultsFrom the year 1978 till 2012–13, the number of parameters showed an increasing trend except for pH and dissolved oxygen. Remarkable temporal variations were recorded in various parameters during the past and present study (e.g. dissolved oxygen showed a decrease of about 2.4 mg/L and pH 0.8 units. Calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, ammonical nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen depicted many fold increase in the last four decades). Among the recorded parameters significant positive correlations were observed between depth and chloride (r = 0.408, p < 0.01); pH and water temperature (r = 0.888, p < 0.05); dissolved oxygen with total alkalinity (r = 0.790, p < 0.05). However, negative correlation were maintained by water temperature with dissolved oxygen (r = 0.894, p < 0.05), free carbon dioxide (r = 0.732, p < 0.05) and calcium content (r = 0.868, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe study reflects that the wetland is under tremendous anthropogenic pressures from the immediate catchment. Further, from the study it is evident that total phosphorus raveled decreased levels as compared to previous years reflecting that the wetland still has spongy capacity for the major nutrient.

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过去 40 年喜马拉雅西部漫滩浅湖的物理化学湖沼学：现状

背景在过去的几十年里，几个湖泊和湿地的水质退化是全球主要问题之一，导致严重的环境影响和对水生和陆地环境的关注。方法在这项研究中，我们评估了许多水参数 [水温、深度、透明度、氢离子浓度 (pH)、溶解氧、氯化物、钙、镁、总碱度、氮和磷] 在 2012 年 9 月至 2013 年 8 月在 Hokersar 湿地的月度基础上。结果从 1978 年到 2012-13，除 pH 值和溶解氧外，其他参数均呈增加趋势。在过去和现在的研究中，各种参数都记录了显着的时间变化（例如，溶解氧减少了约 2.4 毫克/升，pH 值为 0.8 单位。钙、镁、碱度、氨氮和硝态氮在过去四年中增加了许多倍）。在记录的参数中，在深度和氯化物之间观察到显着的正相关（r = 0.408，p < 0.01）；pH 值和水温 (r = 0.888, p < 0.05)；总碱度的溶解氧 (r = 0.790, p < 0.05)。然而，水温与溶解氧（r = 0.894，p < 0.05）、游离二氧化碳（r = 0.732，p < 0.05）和钙含量（r = 0.868，p < 0.05）保持负相关。 结论研究反映湿地正受到来自直接集水区的巨大人为压力。更多，