Penalized regression splines and distributed lag models were used to evaluate the effects of species mixing on productivity and climate-related resistance via tree-ring width measurements from sample cores. Data were collected in Lower Austria from sample plots arranged in a triplet design. Triplets were established for sessile oak [ Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.], and European beech and European larch ( Larix decidua Mill.). Mixing shortened the temporal range of time-lagged climate effects for beech, spruce, and larch, but only slightly changed the effects for oak and pine. Beech and spruce as well as beech and larch exhibited contrasting climate responses, which were consequently reversed by mixing. Single-tree productivity was reduced by between − 15% and − 28% in both the mixed oak–pine and beech–spruce stands but only slightly reduced in the mixed beech–larch stands. Measures of climate sensitivity and resistance were derived by model predictions of conditional expectations for simulated climate sequences. The relative climate sensitivity was, respectively, reduced by between − 16 and − 39 percentage points in both the beech–spruce and beech–larch mixed stands. The relative climate sensitivity of pine increased through mixing, but remained unaffected for oak. Mixing increased the resistance in both the beech–larch and the beech–spruce mixed stand. In the mixed oak–pine stand, resistance of pine was decreased and remained unchanged for oak.

中文翻译：

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用分布式滞后模型和树轮时间序列的惩罚回归样条评估下奥地利纯林和混林情景下的气候敏感性和抵抗力

惩罚回归样条和分布式滞后模型用于通过样本核心的树轮宽度测量来评估物种混合对生产力和气候相关阻力的影响。数据是在下奥地利从以三重设计排列的样地收集的。为无柄橡木 [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] 和苏格兰松 ( Pinus sylvestris L.)、欧洲山毛榉 (Fagus sylvatica L.) 和挪威云杉 [ Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] 建立三胞胎，和欧洲山毛榉和欧洲落叶松（Larix decidua Mill.）。混合缩短了山毛榉、云杉和落叶松的时间滞后气候影响的时间范围，但仅略微改变了橡树和松树的影响。山毛榉和云杉以及山毛榉和落叶松表现出对比鲜明的气候反应，因此通过混合逆转。在橡木-松树和山毛榉-云杉混合林分中，单树生产力降低了 - 15% 至 - 28%，但在山毛榉-落叶松混合林分中仅略有降低。气候敏感性和抵抗力的测量是通过对模拟气候序列的条件预期的模型预测得出的。在山毛榉-云杉和山毛榉-落叶松混交林中，相对气候敏感性分别降低了 - 16 到 - 39 个百分点。松树的相对气候敏感性通过混合增加，但对橡木没有影响。混合增加了山毛榉-落叶松和山毛榉-云杉混合林的阻力。在橡木-松混交林中，松树的抗性降低，而橡树的抗性保持不变。