Recognition of paediatric autoimmune/immune-mediated encephalitis and epileptic encephalopathy (e.g. NMDAR-Ab encephalitis) has rapidly increased over the last ten years. While we are succeeding in the diagnosis and identification and even early treatment of these encephalitidies, with studies describing >80% are making a "good" recovery, we are now recognising that a "good" medical outcome does not cover the cognitive, social and behavioural sequelae that can occur, particularly in paediatric patients. Basic measures of medical outcome, for example the modified Rankin Scale (MRS) or the Paediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC), offer the advantage of being quick to use, but do not reveal the more complex difficulties that can impact the future of affected children. This article reviews the current literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children affected with autoimmune and immune-mediated encephalitis/epileptic encephalopathy and provides guidance on post-onset surveillance aimed at identifying those most likely to experience ongoing long-term difficulties.

中文翻译：

---

儿童免疫介导性和自身免疫性癫痫性脑病的神经发育结果

在过去十年中，对小儿自身免疫性/免疫介导性脑炎和癫痫性脑病（例如 NMDAR-Ab 脑炎）的认识迅速增加。虽然我们在这些脑炎的诊断和识别甚至早期治疗方面取得了成功，研究表明超过 80% 的患者正在取得“良好”的康复，但我们现在认识到“良好”的医疗结果并不包括认知、社会和可能发生的行为后遗症，特别是在儿科患者中。医疗结果的基本衡量标准，例如改良的 Rankin 量表 (MRS) 或小儿脑功能分类 (PCPC)，提供了快速使用的优势，但没有揭示可能影响受影响儿童未来的更复杂的困难.