In this paper, a numerical simulation of jet impingement quenching is provided. The VOF method in the basic solver of the OpenFOAM CFD package is developed to simulate boiling and condensation phenomena. In simulations, surface tension and mass transfer between two phases were modeled with continuous surface force (CSF) model and Lee mass transfer model, respectively, and energy equation was solved in the solid region. Numerical simulation of jet impingement quenching process is validated by experimental data and a good agreement is observed. The effects of pulsating jet velocity and step jet velocity on quenching process are studied, and parameters such as temporal and spatial variation of solid part temperature and standard temperature uniformity index (STUI) are investigated. The effects of frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal single jet and also the period of two jets with step pulse are investigated. The results revealed that using two jets with step velocity profile leads to the best performance or least uniformity index (best temperature distribution) among the considered cases. Studying the maximum temperature difference inside the solid region indicated that for pulse flows this parameter is considerably lower than the continuous flows. Also, at a constant flow rate, 43% reduction in STUI is achieved by sinusoidal pulsating jet compared to the single continuous jet, while 66% STUI reduction was reached for two-jet cases. These substantial reductions in uniformity index present these methods as promising approaches for the quenching process in various industrial applications.

中文翻译：

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正弦波和阶跃脉冲速度对射流淬火过程影响的数值分析

本文提供了射流冲击淬火的数值模拟。开发了OpenFOAM CFD软件包基本求解器中的VOF方法来模拟沸腾和冷凝现象。在模拟中，分别使用连续表面力（CSF）模型和Lee质量传递模型对两相之间的表面张力和质量传递进行建模，并在固体区域中求解了能量方程。实验数据验证了射流冲击淬火过程的数值模拟，并取得了良好的一致性。研究了脉动射流速度和阶跃射流速度对淬火过程的影响，并研究了固体零件温度的时空变化和标准温度均匀性指数（STUI）等参数。研究了正弦波单喷的频率和幅度的影响以及两个带阶跃脉冲的喷流的周期。结果表明，在考虑的情况下，使用两个具有阶梯速度分布的射流会导致最佳性能或最小均匀度指数（最佳温度分布）。研究固体区域内的最大温差表明，对于脉冲流，此参数明显低于连续流。同样，在恒定流量下，与单连续射流相比，正弦脉冲射流可使STUI降低43％，而两射流情况下STUI降低66％。均匀性指数的这些显着降低使这些方法成为各种工业应用中淬火工艺的有前途的方法。