Eastern temperate and boreal forests of North America contain declining populations of several migratory bird species. Breeding season habitat loss and degradation, and lack of structural complexity, have been proposed as potential drivers of declines. Forest management has moved toward balancing multiple age classes to support sustainable harvest and meet the needs of wildlife associated with different forest types, structural conditions, and landscape configurations. Extensive research on forest bird species-environment relationships has occurred in direct reference to, and outside of, this management context. In this systematic map, we propose to answer the review question: what evidence exists for bird species-environment relationships in eastern temperate and boreal forests of North America? The map will outline the available science for developing spatially-explicit forest management plans to benefit multiple bird species at regional scales. A global review recently found little evidence to support either positive or negative effects of systematic conservation planning on real-world management systems. This result was driven by the widespread absence of measureable criteria to evaluate plan performance and pervasive disconnects between conservation planners and management program evaluators. Successful evaluation of forest management requires, at minimum, the specification of metrics that clearly relate vegetation attributes (predictors) to bird-related outcomes (responses). This systematic map should aid in the selection of evaluation metrics that can be used across the entire planning-implementation-evaluation cycle to: (1) characterize baseline conditions, (2) specify target conditions, (3) and evaluate progress toward achieving targets. This protocol describes methods to search for, identify, screen, and extract meta-data from primary research studies that report on bird species-environment relationships in eastern temperate and boreal forests of North America. Searches will be conducted using bibliographic databases and grey literature sources suggested by a technical oversight team comprised of practicing foresters and land managers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be specified to identify articles containing relevant information for meta-data extraction. Meta-data will be extracted from all eligible studies, summarized in a narrative systematic map report, and made available online as a searchable geodatabase.

中文翻译：

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北美东部温带和北方森林的陆鸟物种与环境之间的关系存在哪些证据？系统的地图协议

北美东部温带和北方森林的候鸟种类有所减少。已经提出了繁殖季节栖息地的丧失和退化以及缺乏结构复杂性的潜在驱动力。森林管理已朝着平衡多个年龄段的方向发展，以支持可持续的采伐并满足与不同森林类型，结构条件和景观配置相关的野生动植物的需求。关于森林鸟类物种与环境关系的广泛研究已经直接参考了这种管理环境，并且在这种管理环境之外。在此系统地图中，我们建议回答评论问题：北美东部温带和北方森林的鸟类与环境的关系存在哪些证据？该地图将概述可用于制定空间明晰的森林管理计划的可用科学，以使区域规模的多种鸟类受益。最近的一项全球审查发现，几乎没有证据支持系统的保护规划对现实世界的管理系统的正面或负面影响。造成这一结果的原因是，普遍缺乏可衡量的标准来评估计划绩效，以及保护计划者与管理计划评估者之间普遍存在脱节。成功的森林管理评估至少需要规范指标，以明确将植被属性（预测因素）与鸟类相关的结果（响应）相关联。该系统图应有助于选择可在整个计划实施评估周期中使用的评估指标，以：（1）表征基线条件，（2）指定目标条件，（3）并评估实现目标的进度。该协议描述了从主要研究中搜索，识别，筛选和提取元数据的方法，这些主要研究报告了北美东部温带和北方森林中鸟类与环境之间的关系。搜索将使用书目数据库和灰色文献资料进行，该文献资料由一支由经验丰富的林务员和土地管理人员组成的技术监督小组建议。将指定包含和排除标准，以识别包含用于元数据提取的相关信息的文章。