How animals respond to predators can have consequences when they are reintroduced into the wild or translocated to new habitats. Animals raised in captivity often lack adequate experience with predators, and wild animals can be ill-equipped to respond to invasive predators. When these animals are released or translocated for conservation purposes, their naivety can jeopardize their survival and the outcome of the conservation intervention. Anti-predator training, i.e. the purposeful exposure of animals to predators or predatory-like cues for promoting predatory learning and awareness, is often suggested to be a useful tool in combating prey naivety. However, the prevalence of such training and the evidence for its effectiveness in conservation settings are currently unknown. We detail a set of protocols aimed at resolving both of these unknowns. We will aim to gather studies from multiple databases and grey literature sources which document the occurrence of anti-predator training. We will search beyond the conservation management literature to also cover interventions aimed at promoting anti-predator behaviour in commercial contexts and other academic fields (e.g. animal cognition, behavioral ecology). Studies will be screened in two phases. The first stage of screening will collect studies that conduct anti-predator training. Metadata from this stage will help highlight biases in the use of anti-predator training across geographic locations, funding contexts and taxonomic groups. We will then further screen for research that measures training efficacy either by using learning assessments, designating experimental groups, or by collecting post-release survival data. A narrative synthesis at this stage will describe the relative proportion of studies that measure the efficacy of their training. The smaller research pool will then be systematically reviewed to assess the efficacy of anti-predator training. We will attempt to extract data from all studies which assess efficacy, judging study validity and conducting a meta-analysis if sufficient evidence is found. By creating two stages to our screening and review of evidence, we will be able to better judge the biases and reliability of the efficacy evidence we find.

中文翻译：

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检查反捕食者训练在保护易位中增加存活率的功效：系统评价方案

将动物重新引入野外或转移到新的栖息地时，它们对捕食者的反应可能会产生后果。被圈养的动物通常缺乏足够的捕食者经验，野生动物可能无法适应入侵性掠食者。当这些动物出于保护目的而被释放或转移时，它们的幼稚会危害其生存和保护干预的结果。经常建议进行反捕食者培训，即有目的地使动物接触捕食者或类似捕食者的线索，以促进捕食者的学习和认识，这是打击猎物幼稚的有用工具。但是，目前尚不清楚这种培训的普遍性及其在保护环境中有效性的证据。我们详细介绍了一组旨在解决这两个未知数的协议。我们的目标是从多个数据库和灰色文献资源中收集研究资料，以记录反捕食者培训的发生。我们将在保护管理文献之外进行搜索，以涵盖旨在促进商业环境和其他学术领域（例如动物认知，行为生态学）中反捕食者行为的干预措施。研究将分两个阶段进行筛选。筛选的第一阶段将收集进行反捕食者培训的研究。此阶段的元数据将有助于凸显在跨地理位置，资金环境和生物分类群使用反捕食者培训方面的偏见。然后，我们将通过使用学习评估，指定实验组或收集发布后的生存数据来进一步筛选用于测量训练效果的研究。在这一阶段的叙述性综合将描述衡量其训练效果的研究的相对比例。然后将对较小的研究池进行系统地评估，以评估反捕食者培训的功效。如果发现足够的证据，我们将尝试从所有评估功效，判断研究有效性和进行荟萃分析的研究中提取数据。通过创建两个阶段来筛选和审查证据，我们将能够更好地判断发现的功效证据的偏倚和可靠性。如果发现足够的证据，则判断研究的有效性并进行荟萃分析。通过创建两个阶段来筛选和审查证据，我们将能够更好地判断发现的功效证据的偏倚和可靠性。如果发现足够的证据，则判断研究的有效性并进行荟萃分析。通过创建两个阶段来筛选和审查证据，我们将能够更好地判断发现的功效证据的偏倚和可靠性。