In recent years, a plethora of deployment technologies evolved, many following a declarative approach to automate the delivery of software components. Even if such technologies share the same purpose, they differ in features and supported mechanisms. Thus, it is difficult to compare and select deployment automation technologies as well as to migrate from one technology to another. Hence, we present a systematic review of declarative deployment technologies and introduce the essential deployment metamodel (EDMM) by extracting the essential parts that are supported by all these technologies. Thereby, the EDMM enables a common understanding of declarative deployment models by facilitating the comparison, selection, and migration of technologies. Moreover, it provides a technology-independent baseline for further deployment automation research.

近年来，出现了大量的部署技术，其中许多采用声明式方法来自动化软件组件的交付。即使这些技术具有相同的目的，它们的功能和支持的机制也有所不同。因此，很难比较和选择部署自动化技术以及从一种技术迁移到另一种技术。因此，我们对声明式部署技术进行了系统回顾，并通过提取所有这些技术支持的基本部分来介绍基本部署元模型（EDMM）。因此，EDMM 通过促进技术的比较、选择和迁移来实现对声明式部署模型的共同理解。此外，它为进一步的部署自动化研究提供了独立于技术的基线。