Plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes cause severe losses of crop yield worldwide. Fungicides are widely applied to manage plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, but fungicide-resistant fungal populations have been increasingly reported. Recent techniques using RNA interference (RNAi), which define the ability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to inhibit the expression of homologous gene(s), have been suggested for crop protection in an environmental-friendly way. These techniques, so-called host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), are the innovative strategies to control plant diseases. The HIGS involves host expression of dsRNA targeting genes in interacting plant pathogens and the SIGS involves inhibition of plant pathogens through a direct spray of dsRNA targeting pathogen genes on plant tissues. In this review, we present recent studies of the HIGS and SIGS to protect plant diseases caused by fungal and oomycete pathogens.

中文翻译：

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通过宿主诱导的基因沉默（HIGS）和喷雾诱导的基因沉默（SIGS）控制植物病原真菌的先进策略

植物病原性真菌和卵菌引起全世界农作物产量的严重损失。杀真菌剂被广泛用于处理由病原性真菌引起的植物病害，但是抗真菌剂的真菌种群越来越多。已经提出了使用RNA干扰（RNAi）的最新技术，该技术定义了双链RNA（dsRNA）抑制同源基因表达的能力，已经以一种环境友好的方式用于作物保护。这些技术，即所谓的宿主诱导基因沉默（HIGS）和喷雾诱导基因沉默（SIGS），是控制植物病害的创新策略。HIGS涉及在相互作用的植物病原体中dsRNA靶向基因的宿主表达，而SIGS涉及通过将dsRNA靶向病原体基因直接喷洒在植物组织上来抑制植物病原体。