Domestication and island evolution can lead to changes of life history along the slow-fast gradient. Shifts of life history patterns, in turn, are potentially related to alterations of patterns and timing of tooth eruption. Schultz’s rule predicts an earlier eruption of molars relative to premolars as fecundity increases during the domestication process. On the other hand, evolution on a predator-free, resource limited island might lead to a generally slow life history and delayed tooth eruption, as in the Plio-Pleistocene Balearic caprine Myotragus . In this study, we investigate tooth eruption and its relation to life history in a unique sheep population that is an example of both domestication and island evolution: the ancient and feral Soay sheep ( Ovis aries ) of the St. Kilda archipelago, Scotland. Tooth eruption timing and sequence is investigated in a comparative framework featuring new data on other domestic sheep ( O. aries ), including European mouflon ( O. a. musimon ), as well as wild sheep ( O. vignei , O. cycloceros , O. arkal , O. orientalis , O. ammon ). These data indicate that the order of eruption is similar in wild and domestic sheep, despite the fundamental life history changes that came about with domestication. However, in contrast to other domestic sheep breeds, Soay sheep erupt their teeth at an absolute older age and also tend to grow more slowly, which resembles the evolutionary trend in island-adapted Myotragus . Despite these similarities, Soay sheep do not share the slow life history pattern inferred for Myotragus , highlighting the distinctive nature of tooth eruption in Soay sheep.

中文翻译：

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驯化和岛屿进化对绵羊牙齿生长的影响

驯化和岛屿进化会导致生命史沿慢-快梯度发生变化。反过来，生活史模式的变化可能与模式的改变和牙齿萌出的时间有关。Schultz 的规则预测，随着驯化过程中繁殖力的增加，臼齿的萌出会比前臼齿更早。另一方面，在一个没有捕食者、资源有限的岛屿上的进化可能会导致普遍缓慢的生活史和延迟牙齿萌出，如上新世巴利阿里山羊 Myotragus 。在这项研究中，我们调查了一个独特的绵羊种群的牙齿萌出及其与生活史的关系，该种群是驯化和岛屿进化的一个例子：苏格兰圣基尔达群岛的古老而野生的 Soay 羊 (Ovis aries)。牙齿萌发时间和顺序在一个比较框架中进行了研究，该框架具有其他家养绵羊（ O. aries ）的新数据，包括欧洲欧洲盘羊（ O. a. musimon ）以及野羊（ O. vignei ， O. cycloceros ， O . arkal , O. orientalis , O. ammon )。这些数据表明，尽管驯化发生了基本的生活史变化，但野生绵羊和家养绵羊的爆发顺序相似。然而，与其他家养绵羊品种相比，Soay 羊在绝对年龄较大的时候萌出牙齿，并且生长速度也较慢，这类似于岛屿适应的 Myotragus 的进化趋势。尽管有这些相似之处，Soay 羊并不具有为 Myotragus 推断的缓慢生活史模式，突出了 Soay 羊牙齿萌出的独特性质。