Phenol is among the most distributed pollutants; phenol biodegradation is one of the most efficient and cost-effective pollutants degradation technologies. To estimate phenol-degradation activity of actinobacterium Rhodococcus opacus 1CP, the pollutant-degrading microorganism, evaluation of the activity of phenol hydroxylase and other systems for phenol degradation was performed in this study. For the first time, phenol hydroxylase activity and activity of phenol transporting cellular systems of R. opacus 1CP cells were assessed using biosensor technique based on the immobilized cells of the culture of interest. For phenol-induced cells and cells grown in the enriched medium, the responses to a substrate were compared. Two non-specific systems of phenol transport into 1CP cells were detected. These systems differed in the degree of affinity for phenol. It was shown for phenol-induced 1CP cells that phenol was transported into the cell by simple diffusion at phenol concentrations above 0.1 µM. For R. opacus 1CP phenol hydroxylase, K_{m app}, obtained with immobilized cells, was not greater than 1 µM. For the first time, immobilized cells-based technique (estimation of the responses to a substrate using immobilized and intact cells) was applied to predict the presence of at least two isozymes of phenol hydroxylases, which play metabolic and regulatory roles, and of a few differentially regulated catechol 1,2-dioxygenases in cells of this culture. This study confirmed that biosensor technique is simple, rapid and useful method for investigation of substrate metabolism.

中文翻译：

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使用固定化和完整细胞评估不透明红球菌1CP的苯酚降解活性

苯酚是分布最广泛的污染物之一。苯酚生物降解是最有效和最具成本效益的污染物降解技术之一。为了评估不动放线菌Rhodococcus opacus 1CP的苯酚降解活性，污染物降解微生物，评估苯酚羟化酶的活性以及其他系统对苯酚的降解。第一次，R。opacus的酚羟化酶活性和酚转运细胞系统的活性基于目标培养物的固定化细胞，使用生物传感器技术评估1CP细胞。对于苯酚诱导的细胞和在富集培养基中生长的细胞，比较了对底物的反应。检测到苯酚转运到1CP细胞的两个非特异性系统。这些系统对苯酚的亲和度不同。对于苯酚诱导的1CP细胞，表明苯酚通过在0.1 µM以上的苯酚浓度简单扩散而被转运到细胞中。对于opacus R. 1CP酚羟化酶，K _{m app}用固定化细胞获得的，不大于1 µM。第一次，基于固定化细胞的技术（使用固定化和完整细胞估算对底物的反应）被用于预测至少两种苯酚羟化酶同工酶的存在，它们具有代谢和调节作用，还有一些该培养细胞中的儿茶酚1,2-二加氧酶的差异调节。这项研究证实了生物传感器技术是研究底物代谢的简单，快速和有用的方法。