Although the accident number involving trams is comparatively very limited to the total road accident number, the consequences of tram crashes are very serious, especially when pedestrians are run over. The new power supply technologies (e.g. catenary-free systems) allow to build tram networks, even in old town centres and pedestrian areas, with additional increased risk of pedestrian casualties. This will require specific design solutions and traffic regulations for road safety as described in this paper, with particular regard to vulnerable users (i.e. pedestrians and cyclists), especially near intersections and pedestrian crossings. Therefore, the research analyses the road accident rate and its evolution in the last 10 years with specific focus on Italian tramways. The main risk conditions and the strategies used worldwide to improve the safety of tramway system in the urban context are described. The main countermeasures to reduce accident risks are aimed at better warning road users of specific risk conditions. Other countermeasures are designed to install suitable facilities on road platforms for better informing users of tramway system, for limiting or temporarily prohibiting turning movements or manoeuvrings and for properly channelling pedestrian and vehicle flows with the purpose to avoid or reduce interference with trams.

中文翻译：

---

城市地区的有轨电车：道路交叉口的安全概述

尽管涉及电车的事故数量相对来说只限于道路交通事故的总数，但电车撞车的后果却非常严重，尤其是在行人过路时。新的电源技术（如接触网-免费系统）允许建立电车网络，即使在老城区和行人专用区，也增加了行人伤亡的风险。这将需要本文所述的针对道路安全的特定设计解决方案和交通法规，特别是针对弱势用户（即行人和骑自行车的人），尤其是在十字路口和人行横道附近。因此，该研究分析了过去10年的道路事故发生率及其演变，特别是意大利电车。描述了全世界在城市环境下改善电车系统安全性的主要风险条件和策略。减少事故风险的主要对策旨在更好地警告道路使用者特定的风险状况。