Considering the potential impact of climate change on the ecology of insect pests, different planting dates and cropping patterns were investigated as farm-level adaption to control insect pests of cabbage and improve productivity. This is a 3 × 4 factorial experiment setup in randomized complete block design including three planting dates (early, normal and late) and four cropping patterns (control—sole cabbage or tomato, tomato intercrop, Piper emulsion and insecticide) with four replications each. Cabbage infestation ranged from 1 to 29 and correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, which differed (P < 0.001) significantly across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with the highest during early planting. Diamondback moth larvae correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, ranging from 0 to 13 that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction. Looper larvae correlated negatively with treatments, ranging from 0 to 8 that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with highest during normal planting and lowest during late planting. Webworm larvae correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, ranging from 0 to 13 that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction. The number of sprouted plants ranged from 0 to 6 and differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with the highest in early planting for control that differed significantly from late planting. Cabbage yield correlated positively with planting dates and ranged from 2.8 to 6.0 tons per hectare that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with the highest during normal and late planting dates. The interaction of planting dates and Piper emulsion or intercropping treatments can be effectively used as control measure for insect pests of cabbage leading to greater yield, with late planting as viable farm-level adaptation to climate variability.

中文翻译：

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气候变化对甘蓝害虫的影响：以替代种植日期和种植方式为控制措施

考虑到气候变化对害虫生态的潜在影响，研究了不同的播种日期和种植方式，作为农场一级的控制白菜害虫和提高生产力的适应措施。这是一个3×4阶乘实验设置，采用随机完整块设计，包括三个播种日期（早，正常和晚）和四个种植模式（对照-甘蓝或番茄，番茄间作，Piper乳液和杀虫剂），每个重复四次。卷心菜的侵染范围为1到29，与播种日期或处理之间呈负相关，在播种日期，处理及其相互作用之间存在显着差异（P <0.001），在早期播种期间最高。小菜蛾幼虫与播种日期或处理方式呈负相关，范围从0到13，在种植日期，处理方式及其相互作用之间差异显着（P <0.001）。Looper幼虫与处理之间呈负相关，范围从0到8，在播种日期，处理及其相互作用之间差异显着（P <0.001），在正常播种期间最高，而在播种后期最低。Webworm幼虫与播种日期或处理呈负相关，范围从0到13，在播种日期，处理及其相互作用之间差异显着（P <0.001）。发芽植物的数量从0到6不等，并且在播种日期，处理和它们之间的相互作用方面差异显着（P <0.001），与对照相比，早期播种的最高植株与后期播种有显着差异。白菜产量与播种期呈正相关，在每公顷2.8吨至6.0吨之间，在播种期，处理方式及其相互作用之间差异显着（P <0.001），在正常和后期播种期最高。播种日期与Piper乳化液或间作处理之间的相互作用可以有效地用作控制白菜害虫的措施，从而提高产量，而后期播种可作为农场一级适应气候变化的可行方法。