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Role of Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases in Development.
Annual Review of Biochemistry ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-103019-102815
Zhiyuan Chen 1, 2, 3 , Yi Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5mC) plays vital roles in mammalian development. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and the two DNMT families, DNMT3 and DNMT1, are responsible for methylation establishment and maintenance, respectively. Since their discovery, biochemical and structural studies have revealed the key mechanisms underlying how DNMTs catalyze de novo and maintenance DNA methylation. In particular, recent development of low-input genomic and epigenomic technologies has deepened our understanding of DNA methylation regulation in germ lines and early stage embryos. In this review, we first describe the methylation machinery including the DNMTs and their essential cofactors. We then discuss how DNMTs are recruited to or excluded from certain genomic elements. Lastly, we summarize recent understanding of the regulation of DNA methylation dynamics in mammalian germ lines and early embryos with a focus on both mice and humans.

中文翻译:


哺乳动物DNA甲基转移酶在发育中的作用。

5位胞嘧啶(5mC)的DNA甲基化在哺乳动物的发育中起着至关重要的作用。DNA甲基化被DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)催化,两个DNMT家族DNMT3和DNMT1分别负责甲基化的建立和维持。自发现以来,生物化学和结构研究已经揭示了DNMT如何催化从头催化和维持DNA甲基化的关键机制。特别是,低输入基因组和表观基因组技术的最新发展加深了我们对种系和早期胚胎中DNA甲基化调控的理解。在这篇综述中,我们首先描述了甲基化机制,包括DNMT及其必需的辅助因子。然后,我们讨论如何将DNMT募集到某些基因组元素或从中排除。最后,

更新日期:2020-06-23
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