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Discernment of near-oceanic precipitating clouds into convective or stratiform based on Z–R model over an Asian monsoon tropical site
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s00703-019-00696-3
Harikumar Rajasekharan Nair

Type of precipitating near-oceanic clouds are found out and tracked by inferring it from the near-surface empirical relationships of rainfall rate and radar reflectivity (Z–R), which are established using a micro-rain radar (MRR) and a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer at a tropical coastal station Thiruvananthapuram (8.5°N, 76.9°E), an Asian monsoon near-oceanic site, almost at the tip of Indian peninsula. It is also found out from the vertical variation of Z–R relation that coalescence is prevalent than breakup, as a result of the collision of rain drops, along with evaporation of smaller drops existed as the rain comes down. The DSD/radar reflectivity/rainfall data from the MRR, disdrometer and manual rain gauge were inter-compared, and found to have good agreement. The MRR radar bright band signature, which is an indication of melting height, is validated using the Wyoming radiosonde data. The whole rain events from March to September 2007 were separated in to bright band (BB) and non-bright band (NBB) cases. The variation of Z with R for all the heights (up to 6000 m with 200 m intervals) is modeled with a function Z = ARb corresponding to both BB and NBB cases, separately for pre-monsoon and southwest monsoon seasons. And, it is realised that there are two distinct fits with different slopes and intercepts existing for Z–R relations corresponding to BB and NBB cases throughout aloft during both the seasons. It is found out that the presence of radar BB or NBB signatures, with corresponding distinct Z–R relations even just at near-surface, which can be used as a proxy for discerning the clouds into stratiform or convective, respectively.

中文翻译:

基于Z-R模型的亚洲季风热带地区近洋降水云识别为对流或层状云

通过使用微雨雷达 (MRR) 和 Joss– 建立的降雨率和雷达反射率 (Z-R) 的近地表经验关系推断出近海降水云的类型并对其进行跟踪。 Waldvogel disdrometer 在热带海岸站蒂鲁文南特布勒姆 (8.5°N, 76.9°E),一个亚洲季风近洋站点,几乎在印度半岛的尖端。从 Z-R 关系的垂直变化还发现,聚结多于破裂,是雨滴碰撞的结果,伴随着雨下小滴的蒸发存在。对来自 MRR、偏差计和手动雨量计的 DSD/雷达反射率/降雨数据进行了相互比较,发现具有良好的一致性。MRR 雷达亮带特征,这是熔化高度的指示,使用怀俄明州无线电探空仪数据进行验证。2007年3月至9月的整个降雨事件分为亮带(BB)和非亮带(NBB)两种情况。所有高度(高达 6000 m,间隔 200 m)的 Z 与 R 的变化使用对应于 BB 和 NBB 情况的函数 Z = ARb 建模,分别用于季风前和西南季风季节。并且,已经意识到对于对应于两个季节在整个高空的 BB 和 NBB 情况的 Z-R 关系,存在两个具有不同斜率和截距的不同拟合。发现雷达 BB 或 NBB 特征的存在,甚至仅在近地表具有相应的不同 Z-R 关系,可分别用作将云区分为层状云或对流云的代理。2007年3月至9月的整个降雨事件分为亮带(BB)和非亮带(NBB)两种情况。所有高度(高达 6000 m,间隔 200 m)的 Z 与 R 的变化使用对应于 BB 和 NBB 情况的函数 Z = ARb 建模,分别用于季风前和西南季风季节。并且,已经意识到对于对应于两个季节在整个高空的 BB 和 NBB 情况的 Z-R 关系,存在两个具有不同斜率和截距的不同拟合。发现雷达 BB 或 NBB 特征的存在,甚至仅在近地表具有相应的不同 Z-R 关系,可分别用作将云区分为层状云或对流云的代理。2007年3月至9月的整个降雨事件分为亮带(BB)和非亮带(NBB)两种情况。所有高度(高达 6000 m,间隔 200 m)的 Z 与 R 的变化使用对应于 BB 和 NBB 情况的函数 Z = ARb 建模,分别用于季风前和西南季风季节。并且,已经意识到对于对应于两个季节在整个高空的 BB 和 NBB 情况的 Z-R 关系,存在两个具有不同斜率和截距的不同拟合。发现雷达 BB 或 NBB 特征的存在,甚至仅在近地表具有相应的不同 Z-R 关系,可分别用作将云区分为层状云或对流云的代理。
更新日期:2019-09-17
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