An exceptionally rich occurrence of pelmatozoan holdfasts from the Early Devonian Heckelmann Mill Lagerstätte in the Lahn Syncline is documented. Two distinct holdfast morphotypes are described, a larger one with clearly separated radicles and a smaller one showing interpenetration of radicles. Both types served to anchor the animals on soft substrates and are designated as terminal dendritic radice holdfasts broadly similar in morphology to those of the crinoid Eucalyptocrinites. Occasional turbidity currents or mud-flows, possibly released by seismic events or severe storms, affected the Heckelmann Mill biota. These either “mowed down” these pelmatozoans or, more probably, triggered their autotomy. Only their “roots” were preserved in situ by obrution. Such a scenario is furthermore indicated by the taphonomy of associated biota. The depositional environment is tentatively interpreted as a storm influenced outer shelf within the photic zone and below average storm wave base. Additionally, reports of early land plants from fully marine sequences known to yield pelmatozoan tree root-like holdfasts should be treated with caution when based upon sterile axes alone.

中文翻译：

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Pelmatozoan是早泥盆世（早于埃马西亚）Heckelmann MillFossil-Lagerstätte（Lahn Syncline，Rhineland-Palatinate，SW德国）的“生根”：形态，古环境和胶结方面

有文献记载，在拉恩向斜线中，泥盆纪早期的泥盆纪禁食物来自泥盆纪早期的黑克尔曼磨坊Lagerstätte。描述了两种不同的保持型形态，较大的一个具有清晰分开的胚根，较小的一个显示胚根互穿。这两种类型的投放到锚动物软衬底和被指定为终端树突RADICE固着在形态上与海百合的大致相似Eucalyptocrinites。偶然的浊流或泥流，可能是由于地震事件或强风暴而释放的，影响了Heckelmann Mill的生物群。这些要么“割下”这些骨盆动物，要么更有可能触发了他们的尸体解剖。只有他们的“根”被强制保留在原地。这种情况还通过相关生物群的拓扑学来表明。沉积环境被临时解释为受风暴影响的光层内和平均风暴波基以下的外层架。另外，当单独基于无菌轴时，应谨慎对待来自已知可产生水生动物树根状固着物的完整海洋序列中的早期陆地植物的报道。