In this study, three-type paper supercapacitors based on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) gel electrolytes and graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) electrodes have been fabricated. The gel electrolytes and electrodes films have been coated on the paper using push coating and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In two types of the paper supercapacitors, on the PVDF gel electrolyte film, a layer of PVA/water and BaTiO₃ as a gel separator film has been coated. The specific capacitance of the paper supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic (charge–discharge) methods at the scan rates 20 and 150 mV s⁻¹ have been investigated. The paper supercapacitor based on the BaTiO₃ separator film showed higher specific capacitance (312 F g⁻¹) compared to other samples. Also, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the Nyquist and Bode curves of paper supercapacitors have been measured. For the paper supercapacitors based on the PVDF gel electrolyte film and BaTiO₃ separator film using the Nyquist curves, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) was 306 Ω and 125 Ω, respectively. The paper supercapacitor based on BaTiO₃ gel separator structure represents a new type of flexible supercapacitor with high performance that can be applied to electronic devices.

中文翻译：

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基于凝胶电解质的石墨纳米粒子纸超级电容器

在这项研究中，基于聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）/磷酸（H ₃ PO ₄）凝胶电解质和石墨纳米颗粒（GNPs）电极的三类纸超级电容器已经被制造出来。凝胶电解质和电极膜已使用压涂法涂布在纸上，然后通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征。在两种类型的纸超级电容器中，在PVDF凝胶电解质膜上已涂覆了一层PVA /水和BaTiO ₃作为凝胶隔离膜。使用循环伏安法（CV）和恒电流（充放电）方法在扫描速率为20和150 mV s ^-1时，纸质超级电容器的比电容已被调查。与其他样品相比，基于BaTiO ₃隔离膜的纸超级电容器显示出更高的比电容（312 F g ^-1）。此外，使用电化学阻抗谱（EIS），已经测量了纸超级电容器的Nyquist和Bode曲线。对于使用尼奎斯特曲线的基于PVDF凝胶电解质膜和BaTiO ₃隔离膜的纸超级电容器，等效串联电阻（ESR）分别为306Ω和125Ω。基于BaTiO ₃凝胶分离器结构的纸超级电容器代表了一种新型的高性能柔性超级电容器，可应用于电子设备。