The Doge’s Palace of Venice (Italy) has on its canal-side large doorways closed by old wooden doors. Originally, the thresholds were built above high-water level to avoid direct contact with the water and the resulting damage caused by physical and biological agents. As a result of sea-level rise and land subsidence during the last centuries, the doors are now exposed to tides and to attack by marine wood-boring invertebrates such as shipworms and gribbles. As a consequence, the bottom rails of the doors were recently in need of substantial restoration, which took into consideration new materials and techniques. In this framework, an in situ experiment was undertaken to test the resistance of some selected wood species to woodboring organisms. A quick assessment protocol, based on the EN 275 standard, was set up to quantify bioerosion according to wood species and elevation above sea level. Both European and tropical wood species were tested. The former include Scots Pine, as a reference, and Larch, Cypress and Oak as traditional carpentry materials. The latter include Azobe, Okan, and Bilinga. All the European species showed high susceptibility to woodborer attack, whereas no damage was recorded on the tropical woods. The collected shipworms belonged mostly to Lyrodus pedicellatus and Teredo bartschi with some individuals of Teredo navalis. The only species of gribble found was Limnoria tripunctata. New technical solutions were adopted in the restoration aiming to provide a long service life for the replacements and simplifying the maintenance procedures. Experience, results and solutions are presented.

中文翻译：

---

海平面上升对威尼斯总督宫水门的生物侵蚀作用（意大利）

威尼斯总督宫（意大利）的运河边有大门口，大门由旧木门封闭。最初，门槛建在高水位以上，以避免与水直接接触以及由此产生的物理和生物因素造成的损害。由于上个世纪海平面上升和地面下沉，门现在暴露在潮汐和海洋钻木无脊椎动物（如船虫和蛞蝓）的袭击中。因此，门的底部导轨最近需要大量修复，其中考虑了新的材料和技术。在此框架内，进行了原位实验以测试某些选定木材物种对蛀木生物的抵抗力。基于 EN 275 标准的快速评估协议，设置用于根据木材种类和海拔高度量化生物侵蚀。测试了欧洲和热带木材种类。前者包括作为参考的苏格兰松木，以及作为传统木工材料的落叶松、柏树和橡木。后者包括 Azobe、Okan 和 Bilinga。所有欧洲物种都对蛀木虫的攻击表现出高度的敏感性，而热带树林没有受到损害。收集到的船虫主要属于 Lyrodus pedicellatus 和 Teredo bartschi 以及一些 Teredo Navyis。发现的唯一一种gribble是Limnoria tripunctata。修复过程中采用了新技术解决方案，旨在延长更换件的使用寿命并简化维护程序。介绍了经验、结果和解决方案。