Vulcanisation is the key process for determining the final properties of elastomers due to the relationship between curing condition and viscoelastic behaviour. This study focuses on the variations in the dynamic behaviour of silica-filled natural rubber caused by crosslinking. The rubber samples with different degrees of curing (DOC) are prepared by thermal quenching during the crosslinking process. The strain sweep mode is used to study the Payne effect. The Kraus model is used to fit the test data. The relationship between the parameters of Kraus model and DOC is obtained at small strain (< 10%). The storage modulus at small strain amplitudes (usually < 0.01%) \( G^{\prime}_{ 0} \) is proportional to DOC; however, the storage modulus at large strain amplitudes \( G^{\prime}_{\infty } \) has small changes with DOC. The characteristic value of the strain amplitude \( \gamma_{\text{C}} \) shifts to large strain and the maximum loss modulus \( G^{\prime\prime}_{\text{m}} \) decreases with the increase of DOC. In addition, a deviation between Kraus model and experiment is observed when the strain is larger than 10%, and the loss modulus increases with the increase of strain amplitude. The deviation decreases when DOC increases. The mechanism for this deviation is discussed and the interaction between silica filler and rubber chain might be responsible for the observed deviation.

中文翻译：

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二氧化硅填充天然橡胶在硫化过程中佩恩效应的演变

由于固化条件和粘弹性行为之间的关系，硫化是确定弹性体最终性能的关键过程。这项研究的重点是交联引起的二氧化硅填充天然橡胶动力学行为的变化。通过在交联过程中进行热淬火来制备具有不同固化度（DOC）的橡胶样品。应变扫描模式用于研究Payne效应。Kraus模型用于拟合测试数据。Kraus模型的参数和DOC之间的关系是在较小应变（<10％）时获得的。在小应变幅度下（通常<0.01％）\（G ^ {\ prime} _ {0} \）的储能模量与DOC成正比；但是，在大应变幅度下的储能模量\（G ^ {\ prime} _ {\ infty} \）与DOC相比有很小的变化。应变幅度\（\ gamma _ {\ text {C}} \）的特征值向大应变偏移，最大损耗模量\（G ^ {\ prime \ prime} _ {\ text {m}} \）减小随着DOC的增加。此外，当应变大于10％时，会观察到Kraus模型与实验之间的偏差，并且损耗模量随应变幅度的增加而增加。当DOC增加时，偏差减小。讨论了这种偏差的机理，二氧化硅填料和橡胶链之间的相互作用可能是所观察到的偏差的原因。