Oil palm plantations, irreversibly claimed primarily from tropical forest, carpet the landscape in Malaysia and Indonesia, the largest global producers of palm oil. The impact of forest conversion to oil palm agriculture on the plant and animal diversity has gained worldwide attention, but knowledge on the effects on microbially mediated belowground soil processes which drive ecosystem-level responses such as greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, particularly methane and nitrous oxide, remain scarce and fragmented. Focusing on the soil microbiome, as well as environmental drivers of soil biogeochemical processes, we synthesize previous research works to provide an overview of the current state of scientific understanding on the effects of deforestation for oil palm agriculture. Forest conversion to oil palm plantations is associated with increased pH, and lowered C and N contents, as typically observed in agricultural soils. Interestingly, in contrast to plant and animal diversity, soil bacterial and functional diversity, as well as fungal abundance, were unaffected or increased. Furthermore, community composition was altered by the land transformation. This indicates the resilience of the microbial diversity to deforestation for oil palm agriculture. However, it remains to be determined whether and how such community resilience would translate to the resilience of soil microbial groups mediating methane- and N-cycling processes central to greenhouse gas turnover.

中文翻译：

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油棕砍伐森林：对微生物介导的甲烷和一氧化二氮排放以及土壤细菌群落的影响

油棕种植园不可逆转地主要来自热带森林，覆盖了全球最大的棕榈油生产国马来西亚和印度尼西亚的景观。森林转化为油棕农业对植物和动物多样性的影响已引起全世界的关注，但有关微生物介导的地下土壤过程的影响的知识，这些过程推动了生态系统层面的反应，如温室气体 (GHG) 通量，特别是甲烷和亚硝酸氧化物，仍然稀缺和碎片化。我们专注于土壤微生物组以及土壤生物地球化学过程的环境驱动因素，综合先前的研究工作，以概述目前对森林砍伐对油棕农业影响的科学理解状态。森林转化为油棕种植园与 pH 值升高有关，并降低了 C 和 N 含量，这在农业土壤中很常见。有趣的是，与植物和动物多样性相比，土壤细菌和功能多样性以及真菌丰度没有受到影响或增加。此外，土地改造改变了群落组成。这表明微生物多样性对油棕农业森林砍伐的恢复能力。然而，这种社区恢复力是否以及如何转化为土壤微生物群落的恢复力仍有待确定，这些微生物群介导对温室气体周转至关重要的甲烷和氮循环过程。此外，土地改造改变了群落组成。这表明微生物多样性对油棕农业森林砍伐的恢复能力。然而，这种社区恢复力是否以及如何转化为土壤微生物群落的恢复力仍有待确定，这些微生物群介导对温室气体周转至关重要的甲烷和氮循环过程。此外，土地改造改变了群落组成。这表明微生物多样性对油棕农业森林砍伐的恢复能力。然而，这种社区恢复力是否以及如何转化为土壤微生物群落的恢复力仍有待确定，这些微生物群介导对温室气体周转至关重要的甲烷和氮循环过程。