Historically, the power distribution grid was a passive system with limited control capabilities. Due to its increasing digitalization, this paradigm has shifted: the passive architecture of the power system itself, which includes cables, lines, and transformers, is extended by a communication infrastructure to become an active distribution grid. This transformation to an active system results from control capabilities that combine the communication and the physical components of the grid. It aims at optimizing, securing, enhancing, or facilitating the power system operation. The combination of power system, communication, and control capabilities is also referred to as a “smart grid”. A multitude of different architectures exist to realize such integrated systems. They are often labeled with descriptive terms such as “distributed,” “decentralized,” “local,” or “central." However, the actual meaning of these terms varies considerably within the research community.This paper illustrates the conflicting uses of prominent classification terms for the description of smart grid architectures. One source of this inconsistency is that the development of such interconnected systems is not only in the hands of classic power engineering but requires input from neighboring research disciplines such as control theory and automation, information and telecommunication technology, and electronics. This impedes a clear classification of smart grid solutions. Furthermore, this paper proposes a set of well-defined operation architectures specialized for use in power systems. Based on these architectures, this paper defines clear classifiers for the assessment of smart grid solutions. This allows the structural classification and comparison between different smart grid solutions and promotes a mutual understanding between the research disciplines. This paper presents revised parts of Chapters 4.2 and 5.2 of the dissertation of Drayer (Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids with Distributed-Hierarchical Architecture. Energy Management and Power System Operation, vol. 6, 2018).

中文翻译：

---

智能电网解决方案的架构和功能分类

从历史上看，配电网是一种被动系统，控制能力有限。由于其数字化程度的提高，这种模式已经发生了变化：电力系统本身的无源体系结构（包括电缆，线路和变压器）通过通信基础架构进行了扩展，从而成为了有源配电网。转换为活动系统的原因是控制能力，这些能力将通信和网格的物理组件结合在一起。它旨在优化，保护，增强或促进电源系统的运行。电力系统，通信和控制功能的组合也称为“智能电网”。存在许多不同的体系结构来实现这样的集成系统。它们通常标有描述性术语，例如“分布式”，“分散式”，“ 这允许在不同智能电网解决方案之间进行结构分类和比较，并促进研究学科之间的相互理解。本文介绍了Drayer论文的第4.2和5.2章的修订部分（具有分布式层次结构的配电网的弹性操作，《能源管理和电力系统操作》，2018年第6卷）。