Objective: Cue-exposure therapy should improve emotion regulation (i.e., reduce cravings and develop tolerance for cravings), but its effects may depend on the context in which it is delivered. The aim of this randomised pilot study was to investigate changes in cannabis cue reactivity and ability to tolerate cravings from preto post-exposure within two different contexts and indicate if and how a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT) can be conducted. Methods: Twenty-two participants who regularly smoked cannabis in lounge settings were randomly allocated to one of two conditions. In the Same-Context condition, participants underwent the pre-exposure assessment, cue-exposure sessions, and post-exposure assessment in a lounge room. In the Different-Context, participants underwent the preand postexposure assessments in a lounge room, but underwent cue exposure in a therapist’s office. Participants chose whether to complete sessions daily (5 days of participation) or intensively (2 days of participation) to maximise study recruitment and retention. Results: Eighteen participants completed the study as required. Only SameContext participants’ ability to tolerate cravings from preto post-exposure statistically significantly improved. Examination of the magnitude of effect sizes and individual data showed that Same-Context participants were more likely to benefit from cue exposure than Different-Context participants (moderate to large effect sizes vs. small to moderate effect sizes). Additionally, cue exposure seemed more effective at building tolerance of cravings (large effect), than reducing them (moderate effect), at least when provided within the Same-Context. Conclusions: Although underpowered to assess for statistical differences, this study provides information for a future RCT and for clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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大麻线索暴露的随机试验研究：在建立耐受性的同时降低线索反应性

目标：提示暴露疗法应改善情绪调节（即减少渴望并培养对渴望的耐受性），但其效果可能取决于传递的环境。这项随机试点研究的目的是调查大麻线索反应性的变化以及在两种不同背景下从暴露前到暴露后耐受渴望的能力，并表明是否以及如何进行更大的随机对照试验 (RCT)。方法：22 名经常在休息室环境中吸食大麻的参与者被随机分配到两种情况之一。在相同上下文条件下，参与者在休息室接受了暴露前评估、线索暴露会话和暴露后评估。在不同的环境中，参与者在休息室接受了暴露前和暴露后的评估，但在治疗师的办公室接受了暗示暴露。参与者选择是每天（参与 5 天）还是集中完成（参与 2 天）课程，以最大限度地提高研究招募和保留率。结果：十八名参与者按要求完成了研究。只有 SameContext 参与者容忍从暴露前到暴露后的渴望的能力在统计学上显着提高。对效应量大小和个人数据的检查表明，与不同上下文参与者相比，相同上下文参与者更有可能从线索暴露中受益（中到大效应量与小到中等效应量）。此外，提示暴露在建立对渴望的容忍度（大效应）方面似乎比减少它们（中等效应）更有效，至少在相同上下文中提供时。结论：