The unstable tectonic conditions contribute to the occurrence of major seismic activities in Iran each year so that this country is known as a geographic area vulnerable to incidents. This article is aimed at evaluating and zoning the city of Bojnord in terms of seismic hazard and vulnerability. This is an applied research with a descriptive–analytical method. A library-documentary method along with comparison of topographic maps with present condition was adopted for data collection. The spatial and non-spatial (descriptive) data were assessed using ArcGIS and Expert Choices models and software, hierarchical analysis, weighting, and then they were analyzed by determining the effect of layers involved in the zoning. The research area, Bojnord city, was divided and zoned into 15 districts according to five indices of microlithic, area, accessibility, population and enclosure. In order to determine the final indicator for the vulnerability of the districts, seven indicators of archaism, materials, number of floors, passages width, enclosure, microlithic and land use were adopted. Indices were weighed by AHP; and after computing the weight of each layer in the GIS using the Spatial Analysis and the Weighted Overlay function, the weights obtained from the ANP model were assigned to each layer, and the layers were overlaid to plot the vulnerability map of the city. The results suggested that districts 3, 11 and 12 were most vulnerable to seismic hazard due to decrepit and worn-out texture. A total of 27% of the urban areas were subject to severe and relatively severe seismic hazard. Also, 53.3% of the 15 districts of Bojnord were in poor and relatively poor conditions with respect to indices under study. In the end, strategies for alleviating vulnerability and improving urban districts are proposed. Buildings with high level of enclosure, low-quality materials and high building density have amplified vulnerability compared to other areas. Compact texture, insufficient open spaces and worn-out tissues have deteriorated their vulnerability. Further, distance of urban areas from the relief centers, narrow passageways and thus the possibility of blockage and high enclosure can prolong the travel time and slow down rescue operations.

中文翻译：

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博日诺德市地震灾害评估与分区

不稳定的构造条件导致伊朗每年发生重大地震活动，因此该国被称为易受事故影响的地理区域。本文旨在从地震危险性和脆弱性方面对 Bojnord 市进行评估和分区。这是一项采用描述性分析方法的应用研究。资料收集采用图书馆文献资料法，结合地形图与现状比较。空间和非空间（描述性）数据使用 ArcGIS 和 Expert Choices 模型和软件进行评估，分层分析，加权，然后通过确定分区中涉及的图层的影响进行分析。研究区 Bojnord 市根据微石器、面积、可达性、人口和围栏。为了确定地区脆弱性的最终指标，采用了古风、材料、楼层数、通道宽度、围护、微石器和土地利用七个指标。指数采用层次分析法加权；并利用空间分析和加权叠加函数计算GIS中各层的权重后，将ANP模型中得到的权重分配给各层，叠加各层，绘制城市脆弱性图。结果表明，第 3、11 和 12 区由于老化和磨损的质地最容易受到地震危害。27%的城区发生严重和相对严重的地震危害。还有，53。Bojnord 的 15 个地区中有 3% 的研究指标处于较差和相对较差的状态。最后，提出了减轻脆弱性和改善城区的策略。与其他区域相比，具有高水平围护结构、低质量材料和高建筑密度的建筑物放大了脆弱性。紧凑的质地、不足的开放空间和破旧的组织已经恶化了他们的脆弱性。此外，市区与救援中心的距离、狭窄的通道以及因此可能出现的堵塞和高度封闭会延长旅行时间并减慢救援行动。与其他地区相比，劣质材料和高建筑密度放大了脆弱性。紧凑的质地、不足的开放空间和破旧的组织已经恶化了他们的脆弱性。此外，市区与救援中心的距离、狭窄的通道以及因此可能出现的堵塞和高度封闭会延长旅行时间并减慢救援行动。与其他地区相比，劣质材料和高建筑密度放大了脆弱性。紧凑的质地、不足的开放空间和破旧的组织已经恶化了他们的脆弱性。此外，市区与救援中心的距离、狭窄的通道以及因此可能出现的堵塞和高度封闭会延长旅行时间并减慢救援行动。