Organic Mediterranean olive groves are gradually being abandoned due to their low productivity. But the demand for organic olives and organic olive oil is constantly increasing. Farmers in the Occitanie region of southern France have proposed to analyse with researchers the feasibility of introducing durum wheat and legumes into an olive orchard. Results show that it is technically possible and that improves the profitability of fruit growing. Over the period 2014–2017, the land equivalent ratio reached 1.81 (sum of the relative areas 0.62 for wheat and 1.29 for olives). Compared to natural grass cover, olive production is stimulated by intercropping through minimal tillage and improved soil fertility. The associated durum wheat, while having a reduced yield, is an additional source of income. When durum wheat varieties adapted for agroforestry will be provided by breeders, a higher yield should be obtained, thus contributing to the sustainability of the orchard.

中文翻译：

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有机橄榄园中的硬粒小麦：对农民来说划算吗？

由于生产力低下，有机地中海橄榄园正逐渐被废弃。但是对有机橄榄和有机橄榄油的需求在不断增加。法国南部 Occitanie 地区的农民提议与研究人员一起分析将硬粒小麦和豆类引入橄榄园的可行性。结果表明，这在技术上是可行的，并且可以提高水果种植的盈利能力。2014-2017 年期间，土地当量比达到 1.81（小麦的相对面积为 0.62，橄榄为 1.29）。与天然草覆盖相比，橄榄生产是通过少耕间作和提高土壤肥力来刺激的。相关的硬粒小麦虽然产量下降，但却是额外的收入来源。