Given their high intermittent mobility, proximity to cattle as well as underlying cultural practices, pastoralists are among groups with high exposure to infectious diseases. Living under adverse environmental conditions while in search for pasture can result in malaria and other environmental pathogenic diseases. Proximity to cattle and consumption of raw untreated milk from cows result in Treponema infections and bovine TB. Furthermore, widespread practice of polygamous relations increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Compounded with this, especially in humanitarian crisis settings with weaker health systems, pregnant pastoralists are under-served resulting in an escalation of the impact of infectious diseases which affects pregnant women and their developing foetus via vertical transmission. Using South Sudan as a case study, this paper argues that it is essential to control infectious diseases among pregnant pastoralists, through exploring various ambulatory health services especially mobile clinics. In addition, the paper calls for an increased investment into mobile clinics for pregnant pastoralists as a way of achieving global responsibility of ensuring universal health coverage.

中文翻译：

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苏丹南部牧民怀孕期间的传染病控制：向流动诊所投资的案例

鉴于牧民的间歇性活动性高，与牛的距离近以及基本的文化习俗，它们属于传染病高发人群。在寻找牧场的恶劣环境条件下生活可能导致疟疾和其他环境致病性疾病。靠近牛群和食用未经处理的牛乳原料会导致梅毒螺旋体感染和牛结核病。此外，一夫多妻制关系的广泛实践增加了性传播感染的风险。除此之外，尤其是在人道主义危机，卫生系统较弱的情况下，孕妇的牧民服务不足，导致传染病的影响逐步升级，传染病通过垂直传播影响孕妇及其胎儿。以南苏丹为例，本文认为，通过探索各种非卧床医疗服务，特别是流动诊所，控制怀孕牧民中的传染病至关重要。此外，该文件呼吁增加对怀孕牧民的流动诊所的投资，以此来实现确保全民健康覆盖的全球责任。