Increasingly frequent and severe drought in the western United States has contributed to more frequent and severe wildfires, longer fire seasons, and more frequent bark beetle outbreaks that kill large numbers of trees. Climate change is expected to perpetuate these trends, especially in montane ecosystems, calling for improved strategies for managing Western forests and conserving the wildlife that they support. Woodboring beetles (e.g., Buprestidae and Cerambycidae) colonize dead and weakened trees and speed succession of habitats altered by fire or bark beetles, while serving as prey for some early-seral habitat specialists, including several woodpecker species. To understand how these ecologically important beetles respond to different sources of tree mortality, we sampled woodborers in 16 sites affected by wildfire or bark beetle outbreak in the previous one to eight years. Study sites were located in the Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau, Warner Mountains, and southern Cascades of California, USA. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate hypotheses concerning the response of woodboring beetles to disturbance type, severity, and timing; forest stand composition and structure; and tree characteristics. Woodborer activity was often similar in burned and bark beetle outbreak sites, tempered by localized responses to bark beetle activity, burn severity, tree characteristics, and apparent response to ignition date. Larval woodborer activity was inversely related to bark beetle sign within a sampling quadrat, was higher on pines, and—in burned sites—was higher on the south-facing sides of smaller trees. Adults—especially buprestids—were more abundant where burn severity was higher. Fires with intermediate ignition dates during the study period supported higher rates of larval woodborer activity and higher numbers of adult buprestids as well as cerambycids in the genus Monochamus Dejean 1821. Woodboring beetle abundance was related to bark beetle activity, burn severity, tree characteristics, and ignition date. Considering these patterns when managing disturbed forest stands could yield improved outcomes for wildlife, including species that prey on woodboring beetles. We also reported preliminary evidence that the current trend toward more frequent wildfires might not stimulate larger woodboring beetle populations if those fires increasingly occur outside the historical fire season.

中文翻译：

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美国加利福尼亚州山地森林大火和树皮甲虫暴发后wood虫活动的模式

美国西部越来越频繁的干旱造成了更频繁，更严重的野火，更长的火灾季节以及更频密的树皮甲虫暴发，导致大量树木死亡。预计气候变化将使这些趋势永存，特别是在山地生态系统中，这要求改进管理西部森林和保护其所支持的野生动植物的战略。bor木甲虫（如B科和天牛科）在死树和衰弱的树木上定居，并因火或树皮甲虫而改变了栖息地的速度，同时也成为某些早期栖息地专家（包括几种啄木鸟）的猎物。要了解这些对生态具有重要意义的甲虫如何应对树木死亡的不同来源，我们在过去1至8年的16个受野火或树皮甲虫暴发影响的地点取样了木钻。研究地点位于内华达山脉，莫多克高原，华纳山脉和美国加利福尼亚南部的喀斯喀特山脉。我们使用广义线性混合模型来评估有关of虫对干扰类型，严重性和时机的反应的假设。林分的组成和结构；和树的特征。在烧伤和树皮甲虫的暴发部位，伍德伯尔的活动通常相似，但受到对树皮甲虫活动，烧伤严重程度，树木特征以及对着火日期的明显响应的局部反应的影响。幼虫的木bor活动与取样四方中的树皮甲虫迹象成反比，在松树中较高，而在烧毁的地方，在较小树木的朝南侧较高。在烧伤严重程度较高的地方，成年人（尤其是布比迪斯人）更为丰富。在研究期间，以中等引燃日期进行的大火支持了幼小乔木活动的发生率更高，以及成年褐变金龟属（Monochamus Dejean）1821中成年的布氏类动物和cerambycids的数量增加。伍德伯勒甲虫的丰度与树皮甲虫的活动，烧伤的严重程度，树木的特性和点火日期。在管理受干扰的林分时考虑这些模式，可能会改善野生生物的收成，包括捕食木钻甲虫的物种。我们还报告了初步证据，如果这些火灾越来越多地出现在历史火灾季节之外，那么当前发生更频繁的野火的趋势可能不会刺激更多的枯木甲虫种群。