Abstract

Lianas (woody vines) are a leading concern in urban forest management given their ability to reduce the growth rate and survival of trees. Efforts to control invasive lianas are widespread, yet forests are often reinvaded following management. Changes in soil nutrient availability could help explain why some forests are susceptible to reinvasion. Specifically, invasive lianas could be “drivers” of altered nutrient dynamics that persist in the soil and favor their re-establishment, or they could be “passengers” of conditions created by prior site disturbances. We test these alternative models by analyzing soils across gradients of liana cover and forest disturbance in mature hardwood forests in New York City. Overall, total non-native liana cover was linked to elevated soil pH, reduced labile carbon, and altered net potential nitrification—three conditions indicative of increased soil nutrient availability. However, the effects of lianas varied substantially by species. Non-native lianas had a positive, negative, neutral, or non-linear effect on a single soil variable depending on the species. Aggregation of total non-native liana cover can therefore obscure the direction and magnitude of species-level effects. We also found positive relationships between forest disturbance, non-native liana cover, and soil pH, but we found no relationships between disturbance and net nitrification or labile carbon. These results suggest that non-native lianas are passengers to elevated levels of disturbance and soil pH but drivers of altered carbon and nitrogen dynamics. As such, management efforts aimed at reducing soil nutrient availability and removing invasive lianas may be required to limit reinvasion and promote ecosystem recovery.

中文翻译：

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入侵性藤本植物是城市森林土壤养分供应量变化的驱动者和乘客

摘要

藤本植物（木本藤本植物）由于能够降低树木的生长速度和生存能力而成为城市森林管理中的头等大事。控制入侵性藤本植物的努力很广泛，但是在管理之后森林通常会被入侵。土壤养分利用率的变化可以帮助解释为什么某些森林容易受到入侵。具体而言，侵入性藤本植物可能是改变的养分动态的“驱动器”，这些养分动态持续存在于土壤中并有利于土壤的重建，或者它们可能是先前场地干扰所造成条件的“传递者”。我们通过分析横跨藤本植物覆盖物和纽约市成熟硬木森林中森林干扰的梯度土壤来测试这些替代模型。总体而言，非本地藤本植物的总覆盖与土壤pH升高，不稳定碳减少，以及潜在的净硝化变化-三种条件表明土壤养分利用率增加。但是，藤本植物的影响因物种而异。非本地藤本植物对单个土壤变量（取决于物种）具有正，负，中性或非线性影响。因此，非本地藤本植物总覆盖量的聚集会掩盖物种水平效应的方向和程度。我们还发现森林干扰，非原生藤本植物覆盖度和土壤pH之间存在正相关关系，但我们发现干扰与净硝化作用或不稳定碳之间没有正相关关系。这些结果表明，非本地藤本植物是扰动和土壤pH升高的乘客，但碳和氮动态变化的驱动因素。因此，