Over the past several decades, clay minerals have been applied in various bio-fields such as drug and drug additives, animal medicine and feed additives, cosmetics, biosensors, etc. Among various research areas, however, the medical application of clay minerals is an emerging field not only in academia but also in industry. In particular, cationic and anionic clays have long been considered as drug delivery vehicles for developing advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs), which is the most important of the various research fields including new drugs and medicines, in vitro and in vivo diagnostics, implants, biocompatible materials, etc., in nanomedicine. These applications are obviously related to global issues such as improvements in welfare and quality of life with life expectancy increasing. Many scientists, therefore, in various disciplines, such as clay mineralogy, material chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, and medical science, have been endeavoring to find solutions to such global issues. One of the strategic approaches is probably to explore new drugs possessing intrinsic therapeutic effects or to develop advanced materials with theranostic functions. With this is mind, discussions of examples of cationic and anionic clays with bio- and medical applications based on nanomedicine are relevant. In this tutorial review, nanomedicine based on clay minerals are described in terms of synthetic strategies of clay nanohybrids, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, biocompatibility, oral and injectable medications, diagnostics, theranosis, etc.

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用于治疗和诊断的矢量化粘土纳米颗粒

几十年来，粘土矿物在药物和药物添加剂、动物药和饲料添加剂、化妆品、生物传感器等各种生物领域都有应用。然而，在各个研究领域中，粘土矿物的医学应用是一个重要的领域。新兴领域不仅在学术界而且在工业界。特别是，阳离子和阴离子粘土长期以来一直被认为是开发先进药物递送系统 (DDS) 的药物递送载体，这是包括新药和药物、体外和体内诊断、植入物、纳米医学中的生物相容性材料等。这些应用显然与全球问题有关，例如随着预期寿命的增加，福利和生活质量的改善。因此，许多不同学科的科学家，粘土矿物学、材料化学、分子生物学、药理学和医学科学等领域一直在努力寻找解决这些全球性问题的方法。战略途径之一可能是探索具有内在治疗作用的新药或开发具有治疗诊断功能的先进材料。考虑到这一点，基于纳米医学的具有生物和医学应用的阳离子和阴离子粘土示例的讨论是相关的。在本教程综述中，从粘土纳米杂化物的合成策略、体外和体内毒性、生物相容性、口服和注射药物、诊断学、治疗学等方面描述了基于粘土矿物的纳米医学。一直在努力寻找此类全球性问题的解决方案。战略途径之一可能是探索具有内在治疗作用的新药或开发具有治疗诊断功能的先进材料。考虑到这一点，基于纳米医学的具有生物和医学应用的阳离子和阴离子粘土示例的讨论是相关的。在本教程综述中，从粘土纳米杂化物的合成策略、体外和体内毒性、生物相容性、口服和注射药物、诊断学、治疗学等方面描述了基于粘土矿物的纳米医学。一直在努力寻找此类全球性问题的解决方案。战略途径之一可能是探索具有内在治疗作用的新药或开发具有治疗诊断功能的先进材料。考虑到这一点，基于纳米医学的具有生物和医学应用的阳离子和阴离子粘土示例的讨论是相关的。在本教程综述中，从粘土纳米杂化物的合成策略、体外和体内毒性、生物相容性、口服和注射药物、诊断学、治疗学等方面描述了基于粘土矿物的纳米医学。基于纳米医学的具有生物和医学应用的阳离子和阴离子粘土实例的讨论是相关的。在本教程综述中，从粘土纳米杂化物的合成策略、体外和体内毒性、生物相容性、口服和注射药物、诊断学、治疗学等方面描述了基于粘土矿物的纳米医学。基于纳米医学的具有生物和医学应用的阳离子和阴离子粘土实例的讨论是相关的。在本教程综述中，从粘土纳米杂化物的合成策略、体外和体内毒性、生物相容性、口服和注射药物、诊断学、治疗学等方面描述了基于粘土矿物的纳米医学。