Phthorimaea operculella occurs in almost all potato-producing states in India and is considered to be a major potato pest in several states. The larva attacks all vegetative parts of the potato, and most economic damage occurs to potato tubers both before harvest in the field and during storage. The tuber damage in storage has been stated to range from 1 to 72.5% in the endemic states. In Karnataka and Himachal Pradesh, up to 100% losses in storage have been reported. In India, maximum moth activity in the spring (January–May) crop occurs during March–May, whereas in the summer (May–October) crop in hilly areas, peak activity occurs in October. Temperature is positively correlated, whereas RH has a negative influence. In stores, maximum activity occurs in July. Moderate temperature around 23–24 °C is conducive for oviposition and development. Development time from egg–adult varies considerably (20–165 days). In tropics and subtropics, 7–13 generations are completed annually. For its management, use of healthy seed, field sanitation, deep planting, and proper ridging contribute significantly. In India, generally, 1–2 insecticide applications are given for its control in spring and autumn (October–December) crops. Field releases of Copidosoma koehleri and Chelonus blackburni integrated with Bacillus thuringiensis and Phthorimaea operculella granulosis virus are effective in areas having moderate temperature and high RH. In storage, dry leaves of Eucalyptus, Lantana, Ageratum, Eupatorium, soapnut, and wheat straw offer significant reduction in infestation. CIPC is helpful in reducing losses due to sprouting, but it also indicates very good potential against P. operculella in storage.

中文翻译：

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马铃薯块茎蛾，Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)，在印度：生物学、生态学和控制

Phthorimaea operculella 发生在印度几乎所有的马铃薯生产邦，在几个邦被认为是一种主要的马铃薯害虫。幼虫攻击马铃薯的所有营养部分，大部分经济损失发生在田间收获前和储存期间对马铃薯块茎造成的损失。据说在地方性流行状态下，储存中的块茎损坏率为 1% 至 72.5%。据报道，在卡纳塔克邦和喜马偕尔邦，存储损失高达 100%。在印度，春季（1 月至 5 月）作物的蛾类活动最多发生在 3 月至 5 月，而丘陵地区的夏季（5 月至 10 月）作物的蛾类活动高峰出现在 10 月。温度呈正相关，而 RH 有负面影响。在商店中，最大的活动发生在 7 月。23-24°C左右的适中温度有利于产卵和发育。从卵到成虫的发育时间差异很大（20-165 天）。在热带和亚热带，每年完成 7-13 代。对于它的管理，使用健康的种子、田间卫生、深栽和适当的起垄有很大贡献。在印度，一般在春季和秋季（10 月至 12 月）作物上施用 1-2 次杀虫剂以控制其防治。Copidosoma koehleri 和 Chelonus blackburni 与苏云金芽孢杆菌和 Phthorimaea operculella 颗粒病病毒结合的田间释放在中等温度和高相对湿度地区有效。在储存过程中，桉树、马缨丹、Ageratum、Eupatorium、无花果和麦秆的干叶可显着减少虫害。CIPC 有助于减少因发芽造成的损失，但它也表明在储存中对 P. operculella 具有非常好的潜力。