Medulloblastoma (MB) represents a spectrum of biologically and clinically distinct entities. Initially described histopathologically as a small, round blue cell tumor arising in the cerebellum, MB has emerged as a paradigm for molecular classification in cancer. Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of MB have further refined molecular classification and complemented conventional histopathological diagnosis. Herein, we review the main clinical and molecular features of the four consensus subgroups of MB (WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4). We also highlight hereditary predisposition syndromes associated with increased risk of MB. Finally, we explore advances in the classification of the consensus molecular groups while also presenting cutting-edge frontiers in identifying intratumoral heterogeneity and cellular origins of MB.

中文翻译：

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现代分子时代的髓母细胞瘤基因组学。

髓母细胞瘤 (MB) 代表了一系列生物学和临床上不同的实体。MB 最初在组织病理学上描述为小脑中出现的小的圆形蓝细胞肿瘤，现已成为癌症分子分类的范例。MB 的基因组、转录组和表观基因组分析的最新进展进一步完善了分子分类并补充了传统的组织病理学诊断。在此，我们回顾了 MB 的四个共识亚组（WNT、SHH、第 3 组和第 4 组）的主要临床和分子特征。我们还强调了与 MB 风险增加相关的遗传易感性综合征。最后，