The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum (aerial conidia) and T. harzianum (microsclerotia) Pers. (1801) (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) was evaluated against six isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) from Brazil and the USA and further assessed for their enhancement of soybean growth. The fungicide thiophanate-methyl was included as a standard in all experiments. In vitro assay revealed that thiophanate-methyl and Trichoderma spp. effectively suppressed carpogenic and myceliogenic germination of sclerotia. The S. sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil appeared to be less susceptible than those from the USA to both chemical and biological treatments. The in vivo seed coating test using thiophanate-methyl or Trichoderma spp. substantially improved seed germination and suppressed growth of all S. sclerotiorum isolates to varying degrees. Moreover, soybean biomass of shoots and roots, and root nodulation were increased by either thiophanate-methyl or Trichoderma species. Collectively, these results underline the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against S. sclerotiorum isolates, the importance of Trichoderma spp. to improve soybean growth, and the bioactivity of Trichoderma microsclerotia through seed coating.

中文翻译：

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木霉菌类生物杀菌剂对巴西和北美菌核菌的拮抗作用及大豆的生长促进作用

曲霉木霉（航空分生孢子）和哈茨木霉（微菌核）的拮抗活性。（1801）（Hypocreales：Hypocreaceae）针对来自巴西和美国的六种菌核菌（Sclerotia sclerotiorum（Lib。）de Bary）（Helotiales：Sclerotiniaceae）进行了评估，并进一步评估了它们对大豆生长的促进作用。在所有实验中都将杀菌剂甲基托芬酸酯作为标准。体外测定表明，甲基为甲基托布津和木霉属。有效抑制菌核的成核和致霉菌萌发。该菌核病来自巴西的分离株似乎不如来自美国的分离株更易受化学和生物处理。使用甲基硫氰酸酯或木霉属菌种的体内种子包衣试验。从根本上改善了种子的发芽，并在不同程度上抑制了所有核盘菌的生长。此外，甲基硫代乙酸酯或木霉属菌种均增加了大豆的茎，根生物量和根瘤。这些结果共同强调了木霉属菌的拮抗活性。针对葡萄球菌的分离株，木霉属菌种的重要性。改善大豆生长和木霉的生物活性 通过种子包被的微菌核。