ABSTRACT

Despite the existence of vaccination, antibiotic therapy, and antibody therapies, infectious diseases still remain as one of the biggest challenges to human health all over the world. Among the different methods for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, antibodies are well known but poorly developed. There is a new subclass of antibodies calledheavy-chain antibodies that belong to the IgG isotype. However, they are low in molecular weight and lost the first constant domain (CH1). Their single-domain antigen-binding fragments, identified as nanobodies, have unique characteristics, which make them superior in comparison with the conventional antibodies. Low molecular weight and small size, high stability and solubility, ease of expression, good tissue penetration, and low-cost production make nanobodies an appropriate alternative to use against infectious disease. In this research, we review the properties of nanobodies and their potential applications in controlling human infections and inflammations.

摘要

尽管存在疫苗接种、抗生素疗法和抗体疗法，传染病仍然是全世界人类健康面临的最大挑战之一。在治疗和预防传染病的不同方法中，抗体是众所周知的，但开发不足。有一个新的抗体亚类，称为重链抗体，属于 IgG 同种型。然而，它们的分子量低，失去了第一个恒定域（CH1）。它们的单域抗原结合片段被鉴定为纳米抗体，具有独特的特性，这使得它们与传统抗体相比具有优势。低分子量和小体积，稳定性和溶解性高，易于表达，组织渗透性好，低成本的生产使纳米抗体成为对抗传染病的合适替代品。在这项研究中，我们回顾了纳米抗体的特性及其在控制人类感染和炎症方面的潜在应用。