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Depositional ice nucleation on NX illite and mixtures of NX illite with organic acids
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2016-05-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s10874-016-9340-x
Katherine M. Primm , Gregory P. Schill , Daniel P. Veghte , Miriam Arak Freedman , Margaret A. Tolbert

Mineral dust particles are known to be efficient ice nuclei in the atmosphere. Previous work has probed heterogeneous ice nucleation on various laboratory dust samples including Arizona Test Dust, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite as atmospheric dust surrogates. However, it has recently been suggested that NX illite may be a better representation of atmospheric dust. Hiranuma et al. (2015) performed a laboratory comparison for immersion ice nucleation on NX illite, but here we focus on depositional ice nucleation because of its importance in low temperature cirrus cloud formation. A Raman microscope setup was used to examine the ice-nucleating efficiency of NX illite. Organic coatings on the NX illite particles were also investigated using a mixture of 5 dicarboxylic acids (M5). The ratio of NX illite to M5 was varied from 1:10 to 100:1. It was found that NX illite efficiently nucleates ice with Sice = 1.07 ± 0.01 at −47 °C, with Sice slightly increasing at lower temperatures. In contrast, pure M5 is a poorer ice nucleus with Sice = 1.30 ± 0.02 at −40 °C, relatively independent of temperature. Further, it was found that M5 coatings on the order of several monolayers thick hindered the ice nucleating ability of NX illite. Optical images suggest that at colder temperatures (< −50 °C) 1:1 NX illite:M5 particles and pure M5 particles nucleate ice depositionally, while at warmer temperatures (> −50 °C) subsaturated immersion ice nucleation dominates. These experiments suggest that mineral dust particles may become less active towards ice nucleation as they age in the atmosphere.

中文翻译:

NX 伊利石和 NX 伊利石与有机酸的混合物上的沉积冰成核

众所周知,矿物粉尘颗粒是大气中的有效冰核。以前的工作已经探测了各种实验室灰尘样本上的异质冰成核,包括亚利桑那测试灰尘、高岭石、蒙脱石和作为大气灰尘替代物的伊利石。然而,最近有人提出 NX 伊利石可能是大气尘埃的更好代表。平沼等人。(2015) 对 NX 伊利石上的浸入冰成核进行了实验室比较,但这里我们专注于沉积冰成核,因为它在低温卷云形成中很重要。拉曼显微镜设置用于检查 NX 伊利石的冰成核效率。还使用 5 种二羧酸 (M5) 的混合物研究了 NX 伊利石颗粒上的有机涂层。NX 伊利石与 M5 的比例从 1:10 到 100:1 不等。发现 NX 伊利石在 -47 °C 时有效地使冰成核,Sice = 1.07 ± 0.01,在较低温度下 Sice 略有增加。相比之下,纯 M5 是一个较差的冰核,在 -40 °C 时 Sice = 1.30 ± 0.02,相对独立于温度。此外,发现几个单层厚的 M5 涂层阻碍了 NX 伊利石的冰成核能力。光学图像表明,在较冷的温度 (< -50 °C) 下,1:1 NX 伊利石:M5 颗粒和纯 M5 颗粒在沉积上使冰成核,而在较高温度 (> -50 °C) 下,不饱和浸入冰成核占主导地位。这些实验表明,随着它们在大气中老化,矿物尘埃颗粒对冰成核的活性可能会降低。在较低温度下,Sice 略有增加。相比之下,纯 M5 是一个较差的冰核,在 -40 °C 时 Sice = 1.30 ± 0.02,相对独立于温度。此外,发现几个单层厚的 M5 涂层阻碍了 NX 伊利石的冰成核能力。光学图像表明,在较冷的温度 (< -50 °C) 下,1:1 NX 伊利石:M5 颗粒和纯 M5 颗粒在沉积上使冰成核,而在较高温度 (> -50 °C) 下,不饱和浸入冰成核占主导地位。这些实验表明,随着它们在大气中老化,矿物尘埃颗粒对冰成核的活性可能会降低。在较低温度下,Sice 略有增加。相比之下,纯 M5 是一个较差的冰核,在 -40 °C 时 Sice = 1.30 ± 0.02,相对独立于温度。此外,发现几个单层厚的 M5 涂层阻碍了 NX 伊利石的冰成核能力。光学图像表明,在较冷的温度 (< -50 °C) 下,1:1 NX 伊利石:M5 颗粒和纯 M5 颗粒在沉积上使冰成核,而在较高温度 (> -50 °C) 下,不饱和浸入冰成核占主导地位。这些实验表明,随着它们在大气中老化,矿物尘埃颗粒对冰成核的活性可能会降低。发现几个单层厚的 M5 涂层阻碍了 NX 伊利石的冰成核能力。光学图像表明,在较冷的温度 (< -50 °C) 下,1:1 NX 伊利石:M5 颗粒和纯 M5 颗粒在沉积上使冰成核,而在较高温度 (> -50 °C) 下,不饱和浸入冰成核占主导地位。这些实验表明,随着它们在大气中老化,矿物尘埃颗粒对冰成核的活性可能会降低。发现几个单层厚的 M5 涂层阻碍了 NX 伊利石的冰成核能力。光学图像表明,在较冷的温度 (< -50 °C) 下,1:1 NX 伊利石:M5 颗粒和纯 M5 颗粒在沉积上使冰成核,而在较高温度 (> -50 °C) 下,不饱和浸入冰成核占主导地位。这些实验表明,随着它们在大气中老化,矿物尘埃颗粒对冰成核的活性可能会降低。
更新日期:2016-05-28
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