Sperm motility parameters, which can be measured objectively and repeatedly by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, are important indicators of sperm quality. However, the sperm motility parameters assessed by a CASA system can be affected by various factors, including instrument components and settings, sperm preparation or analysis procedures. To date, no standardized protocol is available that would permit to assess sperm kinetic characteristics in passerine birds and this lack precludes any comparison of sperm swimming ability and sperm quality across species. In this study, we chose the Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) as the object to evaluate sperm motility parameters, including sperm motility, sperm velocity and sperm movement trajectory, at different analysis time, temperatures and pH using the WLJY-9000 CASA system. Sperm motility parameters remained statistically unchanged at 1‒9 min. Progressive motility was similar at 38 °C and 40 °C, but a greater percentage of slow progressive sperm was detected at 38 °C compared to 40 °C and 42 °C. Additionally, progressive motility was lower and immotility was higher at 42 °C than 38 °C and/or 40 °C (close to the body temperature of the Tree Sparrow). The percentages of rapid progressive sperm, progressive sperm and immotile sperm were statistically similar at pH 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 with the exception of lower percentage of progressive sperm at pH 7.0 compared to pH 7.5. In addition, slower sperm velocity and worse sperm movement trajectory were found at pH 6.0 and 9.0 than those at pH 8.0, 7.5 or 7.0. Our study indicates that the ideal conditions for sperm motility parameters assessment in Tree Sparrow are obtained between 1 and 9 min after dilution, an environment at body temperature (40 °C) and a pH around 7.5‒8.0. The results of this study provide a reference for the evaluation of sperm characteristics and sperm quality using a CASA system in passerine birds.

中文翻译：

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CASA系统对雀形目鸟类Passer montanus的精子运动参数的最佳分析条件

精子活力参数可以通过计算机辅助的精子分析（CASA）系统客观地反复测量，是精子质量的重要指标。但是，由CASA系统评估的精子活力参数可能会受到多种因素的影响，包括仪器组件和设置，精子制备或分析程序。迄今为止，尚无可用于评估雀形目鸟类精子动力学特征的标准化方案，并且这种缺乏排除了跨物种精子游动能力和精子质量的任何比较。在这项研究中，我们选择WLJY-9000 CASA系统在不同的分析时间，温度和pH值下，以树麻雀（Passer montanus）为对象来评估精子活力参数，包括精子活力，精子速度和精子运动轨迹。精子运动参数在1×9分钟时保持统计不变。在38°C和40°C时，渐进运动力相似，但与40°C和42°C相比，在38°C时检测到的缓慢进行性精子百分比更高。此外，与38°C和/或40°C（接近树麻雀的体温）相比，在42°C时，进行性运动较低，而运动性较高。在pH 7.0、7.5和8.0下，快速进行性精子，进行性精子和不动精子的百分比在统计学上相似，不同的是在pH 7.0下与pH 7.5相比较低的进行性精子百分比。此外，在pH 6.0和9.0时发现的精子速度比在pH 8.0、7.5或7.0时更慢，并且精子运动轨迹更差。我们的研究表明，在稀释后1到9分钟内，在体温（40°C）和pH值约为7.5‒8.0的环境中，可以获得在麻雀中评估精子运动参数的理想条件。这项研究的结果为使用CASA系统评估雀形目鸟类的精子特征和精子质量提供了参考。