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Evolutionary history and sex are significant drivers of crayfish demography in resource-limited cave ecosystems
Evolutionary Ecology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-10029-w
Brock M. Huntsman , Michael P. Venarsky , Fitsum Abadi , Alexander D. Huryn , Bernard R. Kuhajda , Christian L. Cox , Jonathan P. Benstead

Obligate and facultative cave species both play significant functional roles in cave ecosystems. Unlike obligate cave species, facultative cave species can persist in habitats both within and outside of caves. However, no comparative demographic model explaining the sustained presence of both obligate and facultative cave species has been provided. We developed a multi-state capture–mark–recapture (CMR) analysis based on 5 years of data collected from caves in northern Alabama, USA to explore differences in survival and reproductive transition probabilities between obligate ( Orconectes australis and Cambarus hamulatus ) and facultative ( C. tenebrosus ) cave crayfish. Multi-state CMR analyses revealed that male obligate cave species showed significantly higher rates of transitioning to a reproductive state than male C. tenebrosus , while no differences among species were observed for females. Transitioning into a non-reproductive state, however, was higher for obligate cave species regardless of sex. Apparent survival rates between cave obligates and C. tenebrosus did not differ, suggesting that the larger population sizes of obligate cave species within our study sites may be driven by more successful male reproductive strategies. Our results suggest that obligate cave crayfishes have evolved unique sex-specific reproductive strategies not shared by C. tenebrosus that likely represent a specialized adaptation to the cave environment. Conversely, persistent immigration by surface populations is likely crucial for the sustained presence of facultative species within cave environments.

中文翻译:

进化历史和性别是资源有限的洞穴生态系统中小龙虾人口的重要驱动因素

专性和兼性洞穴物种在洞穴生态系统中都发挥着重要的功能作用。与专性洞穴物种不同,兼性洞穴物种可以在洞穴内外的栖息地中持续存在。然而,没有提供比较人口统计模型来解释专性和兼性洞穴物种的持续存在。我们基于从美国阿拉巴马州北部洞穴收集的 5 年数据开发了多状态捕获-标记-重新捕获 (CMR) 分析,以探索专性(Orconectes australis 和 Cambarus hamulatus)和兼性( C. tenebrosus ) 洞穴小龙虾。多状态 CMR 分析显示,雄性专性洞穴物种比雄性 C. tenebrosus 显示出显着更高的过渡到生殖状态的比率,而在雌性中没有观察到物种之间的差异。然而,无论性别如何,对于专性洞穴物种来说,转变为非繁殖状态的几率更高。洞穴专性和 C. tenebrosus 之间的表观存活率没有差异,这表明我们研究地点内专性洞穴物种的更大种群规模可能是由更成功的雄性繁殖策略驱动的。我们的研究结果表明,专性洞穴小龙虾已经进化出独特的性别特异性繁殖策略,这可能是 C. tenebrosus 所不具备的,这可能代表了对洞穴环境的特殊适应。相反,地表种群的持续迁移对于洞穴环境中兼性物种的持续存在可能至关重要。然而,无论性别如何,专性洞穴物种都更高。洞穴专性和 C. tenebrosus 之间的表观存活率没有差异,这表明我们研究地点内专性洞穴物种的更大种群规模可能是由更成功的雄性繁殖策略驱动的。我们的研究结果表明,专性洞穴小龙虾进化出了独特的性别特异性繁殖策略,这可能是 C. tenebrosus 所不具备的,这可能代表了对洞穴环境的特殊适应。相反,地表种群的持续迁移对于洞穴环境中兼性物种的持续存在可能至关重要。然而,无论性别如何,专性洞穴物种都更高。洞穴专性和 C. tenebrosus 之间的表观存活率没有差异,这表明我们研究地点内专性洞穴物种的更大种群规模可能是由更成功的雄性繁殖策略驱动的。我们的研究结果表明,专性洞穴小龙虾进化出了独特的性别特异性繁殖策略,这可能是 C. tenebrosus 所不具备的,这可能代表了对洞穴环境的特殊适应。相反,地表种群的持续迁移对于洞穴环境中兼性物种的持续存在可能至关重要。表明我们研究地点内的专性洞穴物种的更大种群规模可能是由更成功的雄性生殖策略驱动的。我们的研究结果表明,专性洞穴小龙虾进化出了独特的性别特异性繁殖策略,这可能是 C. tenebrosus 所不具备的,这可能代表了对洞穴环境的特殊适应。相反,地表种群的持续迁移对于洞穴环境中兼性物种的持续存在可能至关重要。表明我们研究地点内的专性洞穴物种的更大种群规模可能是由更成功的雄性生殖策略驱动的。我们的研究结果表明,专性洞穴小龙虾已经进化出独特的性别特异性繁殖策略,这可能是 C. tenebrosus 所不具备的,这可能代表了对洞穴环境的特殊适应。相反,地表种群的持续迁移对于洞穴环境中兼性物种的持续存在可能至关重要。
更新日期:2019-12-20
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