Metasequoia glyptostroboides is an endangered relict plant native to China that has been widely introduced into many countries and areas around the world. However, its seeds germinate at a very low percentage. Consequently, population regeneration by seed is low under natural conditions, which probably contributes to the endangered status of this plant species. The present study aimed to describe the aging mechanism of M. glyptostroboides seeds. Our objective was to elucidate causes of the low germination rate in an effort to enhance potential for conservation of the species. We used germination tests, relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content determination, ultrastructural observation of embryo cells, and analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase activities during accelerated aging treatment. We found that M. glyptostroboides seeds have a low level of vigor and poor ability to maintain vigor, which is probably associated with the inefficiency of its enzymatic antioxidative system.