During the 1960s, different critical voices emerged with regard to the main gaps of technocratic planning (what Jacobs calls ‘modern, orthodox city planning’), voices highlighting the oversimplifying epistemological approaches that had been characterising planning in the first half of the twentieth century. Jane Jacobs’ thought has been of paramount importance in influencing planning and urban discourses worldwide, but she has not been isolated: in the same years, other critical voices have been shaping a critical thought and fostering debate, on both sides of the Atlantic. Among them, Paul Davidoff, appealing for advocacy planning in NYC, Giancarlo De Carlo, proposing a sharp critique of architectural and planning education in Italy and Reyner Banham and his group, advocating the (paradoxical) possibility of non-planning in the UK. This article proposes to identify a relevant common feature across their positions in the connection between epistemological and political critique; as Jane Jacobs, many critics of traditional technocratic planning underline the inappropriate and ineffective mechanisms of knowledge production and use in urban planning: if cities are characterised by organised complexity (‘intricate social and economic order under the seeming disorder of cities’, as Jacobs puts it), then it is not possible to reduce them to ‘simple problems’. These authors develop their interpretative discourses in different ways, and advance different proposals to bridge this gap, combining in original ways the epistemological dimension with a political and a cultural one.

中文翻译：

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对技术官僚计划模型的认识论批判：简·雅各布斯、保罗·大卫杜夫、雷纳·班纳姆和吉安卡洛·德卡洛在 1960 年代的角色

在 1960 年代，关于技术官僚规划（雅各布斯称之为“现代、正统的城市规划”）的主要差距出现了不同的批评声音，这些声音强调了过度简化的认识论方法，这些方法一直是 20 世纪上半叶规划的特征。简·雅各布斯 (Jane Jacobs) 的思想在影响全世界的规划和城市话语方面发挥了至关重要的作用，但她并没有被孤立：同年，大西洋两岸的其他批评声音一直在塑造批判性思想并促进辩论。其中，Paul Davidoff 在纽约呼吁倡导规划，Giancarlo De Carlo 提出对意大利建筑和规划教育的尖锐批评以及 Reyner Banham 及其团队，在英国倡导非规划的（矛盾的）可能性。本文建议在认识论和政治批判之间的联系中确定他们的立场的相关共同特征；正如 Jane Jacobs 一样，许多传统技术官僚规划的批评者强调了城市规划中知识生产和使用的不适当和无效机制：如果城市的特点是有组织的复杂性（“城市看似无序下的错综复杂的社会和经济秩序”，正如 Jacobs 所说它），那么就不可能将它们简化为“简单问题”。这些作者以不同的方式发展他们的解释性话语，并提出不同的建议来弥合这一差距，以原始方式将认识论维度与政治和文化维度相结合。