This Special issue of Swiss Journal of Geosciences encompasses a series of papers that were presented at the 13th Workshop on Alpine Geological Studies (Emile Argand Conference sponsored by EGU), held in Zlatibor (Serbia) located in the Dinaridic ophiolite belt. The Alpshop 2017 was organized by members of the Faculty of Mining and Geology from the University of Belgrade, with the support of the Serbian Geological Society and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The conference was held on September 7th–18th 2017, and the plenary sessions were accompanied by pre- and post-conference field trips. After Sopron (2003), Opatija (2005) and Corsica (2011) this was already the fourth time the Alpine workshop was held outside the Alps proper. Namely, it is felt necessary to occasionally leave the genuine Alpine domain, because the Alps are part of a larger system of Circum-Mediterranean orogens straddling between Spain and Western Turkey.

The main idea of the organizers of the 13th Alpshop was to revisit our present day knowledge about the Circum-Mediterranean orogens but this time with a perspective from the Dinarides. With 100 participants from 26 countries, six sessions could be realized. They covered many aspects of geological research: (1) micropaleontology, stratigraphy and facies, (2) Triassic to Neogene tectono-stratigraphy, (3) tectono-magmatic and metamorphic response during Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaride orogenesis, (4) collision and post-collision geodynamics in the Alpine-type orogens of the Alps–Carpathians–Dinarides–Hellenides and (5) active tectonics and geophysical imagery of orogenic belts. During two pre- and one post-conference excursion the participants had the opportunity to exchange field work experience and learn more about the intriguing geology of the Dinarides. Out of a wide spectrum of presentations, the 14 contributions briefly commented below have been successfully submitted, many of them authored by young researchers.

A first paper by Winterberg and Willett analyses the evolution of Danube, Rhine, Rhône and Po river systems, applying the latest state-of-the art methods. The authors argue that the Danube has lacked erosional power throughout its history and has therefore been victim to capture and area loss. They show that ongoing capture in the Alps is related to events that took place far away from the Alps, such as the formation of the Pannonian basin and the Carpathian loop that was cut by the Danube at the Iron Gate at the Serbian-Romanian boundary.

The following two papers deal with the Eastern Alps. Oswald et al. present a case study from the Northern Calcareous Alps, elaborating in detail how Jurassic-age rift-related graben shoulders did influence the geometry of thrust-related structures during thrusting of the Lechtal nappe over the underlying Allgäu nappe. Shortcut thrusts that cut across the footwall of former normal faults due to its unfavourable angle for inversion cause complex geometries. The authors argue that such situations are likely to be also encountered in other geological settings. Griesmeier et al. present a detailed study of the contact area between a Cretaceous eclogite facies tectonic unit (Koralpe-Wölz nappe system) and originally overlying low-grade metamorphic units (Drauzug-Gurktal nappe system) located south of the Tauern Window and north of the Periadriatic line. Their careful study for the first time clearly discriminates between faults formed during Late Cretaceous exhumation of the eclogitic units and those formed in Oligo-Miocene times and related to N-directed indentation of the dolomites and exhumation of the Tauern Window.

The next group of five papers “moves” eastward to the West Carpathians, the Pannonian basin and crystalline basement units belonging to the Tisza and Dacia mega-units located east of the Pannonian basin and the Dinarides. Plašienka et al. present a petrological study of the Meliaticum s.l., a heterogeneous and often chaotic mélange-type assembly that constitutes a mid-Jurassic accretionary wedge. The mélange contains blueschist facies slivers and blocks metamorphosed in the late Jurassic, and, amongst other lithologies, blocks derived from the enigmatic Meliata Ocean representing a Triassic age part of Neotethys. The authors also show that glaucophanite pebbles of Meliata origin were most probably reworked in Albian–Cenomanian flysch formations of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Klape Unit), thereby solving a longstanding controversy about the origin of such exotic high-pressure pebbles. Sebe et al. investigate syn-rift deposits in the Mecsek Mts. in SW Hungary. Applying a tectono-sedimentary approach, using stratigraphy, paleontology and structural observations, the authors constrain paleo-environment and tectonic background. They show that a rift-related phase of lacustrine deposition in the Carpathian–Early Badenian (late Burdigalian–early Langhian) preceded flooding caused by Paratethys transgression in the Badenian (Langhian). Reiser et al. shed new light on the polymetamorphic overprint (Pre-Alpine and Alpine) of basement complexes in the Apuseni Mountains and easterly adjacent Rodna Mountains, largely based on electron-microprobe U–Th–Pb dating of monazite. They show that the effects of Cretaceous (Eoalpine) metamorphic overprint of the Alcapa mega-unit formerly extended further eastwards into the boundary area between the Tisza and Dacia mega-units. Jovanović et al. present new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb data as well as major and trace element analyses from the Variscan granitoids that intrude the basement of the Getic and Danubian nappes of the East Serbian Carpatho-Balkanides. The granitoids of the Getic unit reveal high-quality concordia ages suggesting that magmatism postdating syn-collisional Variscan granitoids lasted longer than previously thought, namely until Early Permian times. Mladenović et al. report a paleostress study based on brittle fault analysis, also located in the East Serbian Carpatho-Balkanides. An older Oligo-Miocene phase of deformation was triggered by the activation of faults accommodating clockwise rotations of the Dacia mega-unit around the rigid Moesian promontory. A younger phase is interpreted to result from the far-field stress generated by the ongoing collision of the Adriatic microplate with the Moesian promontory affecting the Getic nappe located in between.

Another group of five papers is devoted to the Dinarides. Rožič et al. analyze Mid-Jurassic mega-breccias that are possibly connected to the initiation of intraoceanic subduction within the Neotethys in order to reconstruct a platform-basin transitional zone between the Dinaridic (Adriatic) platform and the northerly adjacent Slovenian basin. This zone of transition is no more exposed due to Miocene overthrusting of the eastern continuation of the Southern Alps over the northernmost Dinarides. Kapuralić et al. present a geophysical study using local earthquake tomography in the boundary area between the northern Dinarides and the adjacent Pannonian basin in a larger area that encompasses northern Croatia, southern Slovenia and western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors add new constraints regarding Moho-depth and P-wave velocity structure within the Dinaridic and Pannonian crust. The paleomagnetic study by Lesić et al. carried out in the West Vardar and Jadar-Kopaonik units of central Serbia fills an important gap regarding the complex pattern of vertical axis rotations that occurred during Late Cenozoic times in the Peri-Pannonian realm. They propose 30°–46° clockwise vertical-axis rotation of the units in the study area, i.e. opposite to the well documented counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation of Adria. Porkoláb et al. present a detailed structural study, combined with K–Ar dating of illite, on the Drina-Ivanjica tectonic unit directly underlying the obducted West Vardar ophiolites. In the area adjacent to the ophiolites, they document an earlier phase of deformation related to Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous top-W to –NW ophiolite obduction, preceding syn-collisional latest Cretaceous to Paleogene deformation, locally associated with top-NE back thrusting. Bragin et al. report the results of a micropalaeontological analysis of radiolarites from a sub-ophiolitic mélange formerly underlying obducted West Vardar ophiolite that is no more preserved due to erosion. The presence of blocks of Triassic as well as of Jurassic age within the same mélange is typical and diagnostic for mélanges found elsewhere beneath obducted West Vardar ophiolites in the Dinarides. This allows for better constraining the exact location of the Sava suture in the broader Belgrade area.

A micropalaeontological study of radiolaria from a mélange is also presented by Ozsvárt et al., this time from a large block confined within a sub-ophiolitic mélange related to the obduction of the Cretaceous Mersin ophiolite near Adana in Turkey. A rich fossil assemblage provides new data on the diversity of the Tethyan radiolarian fauna during the Late Carnian and contributes to a better understanding of the Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean region.

Finally, we would like to thank to all authors, as well as to the reviewers whose contributions and help were crucial for publishing this special issue.

Affiliations

1. Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
   • Stefan M. Schmid
2. Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Đušina7, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
   • Vladica Cvetković
   •  & Kristina Šarić
3. Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
   • Daniel Marty

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1. Stefan M. SchmidView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in
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Correspondence to Stefan M. Schmid.

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Schmid, S.M., Cvetković, V., Šarić, K. et al. Preface: Special issue - The Alps as part of a larger system of Circum-Mediterranean orogens: papers presented at the 13th Alpine Workshop held in Zlatibor (Serbia). Swiss J Geosci 112, 1–2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0337-0

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• Received: 04 December 2018

• Accepted: 07 December 2018

• Published: 20 December 2018

• Issue Date: 01 March 2019

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0337-0

中文翻译：

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前言：特刊-作为更大的环地中海造山带系统的一部分的阿尔卑斯山：在兹拉蒂博尔（塞尔维亚）举行的第十三届高山讲习班上发表的论文

这本《瑞士地球科学杂志》特刊包含一系列论文，这些论文在第纳里度蛇绿岩带的兹拉蒂博尔（塞尔维亚）举行的第十三届高山地质研究研讨会（由EGU赞助的Emile Argand会议）上发表。Alpshop 2017由贝尔格莱德大学采矿与地质学院成员组织，并得到了塞尔维亚地质学会和塞尔维亚科学院的支持。会议于2017年9月7日至18日举行，全体会议期间还进行了会前和会后实地考察。在Sopron（2003），Opatija（2005）和Corsica（2011）之后，这已经是第四次在阿尔卑斯山郊外举行高山讲习班了。也就是说，有必要偶尔离开真正的Alpine域名，

第十三届Alpshop的组织者的主要思想是重新审视我们对Circum-Mediterranean造山带的当今知识，但这一次是从Dinarides的角度出发。来自26个国家/地区的100名参与者可以实现六届会议。他们涵盖了地质研究的许多方面：（1）微古生物学，地层学和相，（2）三叠纪到新近纪构造地层，（3）高山-喀尔巴阡-迪纳里德造山过程中的构造-岩浆和变质反应，（4）碰撞和后期-喀尔巴阡-迪纳里德-Hellenides的高山型造山带的碰撞地球动力学和（5）造山带的活动构造和地球物理成像。在会前和会后的两次旅行中，与会人员有机会交流了现场工作经验，并进一步了解了Dinarides迷人的地质状况。在广泛的演讲中，以下简短评论的14篇论文已成功提交，其中许多是年轻研究人员撰写的。

温特贝格（Winterberg）和威利特（Willett）的第一篇论文运用最新的技术方法分析了多瑙河，莱茵河，罗纳河和波河水系的演变。作者认为，多瑙河在整个历史上都缺乏侵蚀力，因此成为捕获和面积损失的受害者。他们表明，不断捕获的阿尔卑斯山与发生在远离阿尔卑斯山的事件有关，例如潘诺尼亚盆地的形成和多瑙河在塞尔维亚-罗马尼亚边界的铁门所切割的喀尔巴阡环路。

以下两篇论文涉及东阿尔卑斯山。Oswald等。本文以北部钙质阿尔卑斯山为例，详细阐述了侏罗纪时期与裂谷有关的grab住肩膀如何在将Lechtal尿布推入下伏的Allgäu尿布时确实影响了与推力有关的结构的几何形状。由于不利于反演的角度，捷径推力越过以前的正常断层的下盘壁，会导致复杂的几何形状。作者认为，在其他地质环境中也可能会遇到这种情况。格里斯迈尔等。目前，对白垩纪榴辉岩相构造单元（Koralpe-Wolz推覆系统）与最初位于Tauern窗以南和Periadriatic线以北的低级变质单元（Drauzug-Gurktal推覆系统）之间的接触区域进行了详细研究。他们的首次仔细研究清楚地区分了白垩纪晚期白垩纪掘出砾岩时形成的断层和低新中新世形成的那些断层，这些断层与白云岩的N向压痕和Tauern窗的掘出有关。

接下来的五组论文向东“移动”到西喀尔巴阡山脉，潘诺尼盆地和属于潘诺尼盆地和Dinarides东部的Tisza和Dacia巨型单元的结晶基底单元。普拉申卡等。目前对Meliaticum sl的岩石学研究进行了研究，Meliaticum sl是构成侏罗纪中期增生楔形的一种非均质且通常是混乱的混杂型组合。混杂岩包含在侏罗纪晚期变质的蓝片岩相条带和块体，以及其他岩性，其中包括代表新特提斯的三叠纪时代部分的神秘的Mel子洋。作者还表明，梅利亚塔石质青石卵石很可能在Pieniny Klippen地带（克拉佩单元）的阿尔比亚-西诺曼尼亚粉煤灰地层中得到了改造，从而解决了有关此类奇特高压卵石起源的长期争议。塞贝等。调查Mecsek山中的裂谷沉积物。在匈牙利西南部。作者运用地层沉积方法，利用地层学，古生物学和结构性观测资料，限制了古环境和构造背景。他们表明，喀尔巴阡-早期巴登尼亚（晚期布尔迪加利-早期朗兴）中与湖相沉积有关的裂谷相早于帕特提斯海峡侵袭引起的洪水。瑞瑟等。很大程度上是基于独居石的电子探针U–Th–Pb年代，为Apuseni山和东邻的Rodna山的地下复合体的多变质叠印（高山前和高山）提供了新的思路。他们表明，阿尔卡帕（Alcapa）巨型单元的白垩纪（Eoalpine）变质叠印的影响先前进一步向东扩展到Tisza和Dacia巨型单元之间的边界区域。乔万诺维奇等。目前提供了新的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb数据以及Variscan花岗岩类的主要元素和痕量元素分析，这些元素侵入了东塞尔维亚喀尔巴阡-巴尔卡尼德斯Getic和Danubian尿布的基底。Getic单元的花岗岩显示出高品质的共生年龄，表明在准碰撞Variscan花岗岩之后的岩浆作用持续的时间比以前认为的要长，即直到二叠纪早期为止。姆拉季诺维奇等。报告基于脆性断层分析的古应力研究，该研究也位于东塞尔维亚喀尔巴鄂-巴尔干尼德斯。断裂的激活触发了较早的Oligo-中新世变形相，该断裂适应了Dacia巨型单元围绕刚性Moesian海角顺时针旋转。较年轻的阶段被解释为是由于亚得里亚海微板块不断与莫西斯海角碰撞而产生的远场应力所致，从而影响了位于两者之间的盖蒂式尿布。

另一组五篇论文专门介绍了第纳里德斯。Rožič等。分析可能与新特提斯内洋内俯冲的开始有关的侏罗纪中大型角砾岩，以重建迪纳里德（亚得里亚海）平台与北邻斯洛文尼亚盆地之间的平台盆地过渡带。由于中新世对南阿尔卑斯山最北端的第纳里德山脉的东部延续进行了中新世的强烈推覆，因此该过渡带不再暴露。卡普拉里奇等。我们在北迪纳里德斯与邻近的潘诺尼亚盆地之间的边界区域中，使用局部地震层析成像技术进行了一项地球物理研究，该区域涵盖了克罗地亚北部，斯洛文尼亚南部和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那西部。作者增加了关于二叠纪地壳和潘诺尼地壳内莫霍深度和纵波速度结构的新约束。莱西奇的古地磁研究等。在塞尔维亚中部的西Vardar和Jadar-Kopaonik单位进行的研究填补了在晚新世时期在Peri-Pannonian领域发生的复杂的垂直轴旋转模式的重要空白。他们建议研究区域内的设备顺时针垂直轴旋转30°至46°，即与Adria逆时针垂直轴旋转有据可查。波科拉卜等。目前在被绑架的西瓦尔达蛇绿岩直接下的德里纳-伊万吉卡构造单元上进行了详细的结构研究，并结合伊利石的K-Ar定年。在与蛇绿岩相邻的区域，他们记录了与晚侏罗世至早白垩世top-W至–NW蛇绿岩的形成有关的变形的早期阶段，先于同碰撞的最新白垩纪至古近纪变形，局部与上部NE向后反冲有关。布雷金等。报告了一种微古生物学分析的结果，该微放射性古生物来自亚蛇纹岩混杂岩，该岩岩下部混杂岩以前被包裹在西瓦尔达蛇绿岩中，由于侵蚀而不再保存。同一混杂岩中存在三叠纪和侏罗纪的块体是典型的，并且诊断出在第纳里德斯被诱捕的西瓦尔达尔蛇绿岩下方其他地方发现的混杂岩。这样可以更好地限制Sava缝线在更广泛的贝尔格莱德地区的确切位置。

Ozsvárt等人也对杂种的放射虫进行了微古生物学研究，这一次是在一个大型的块岩中，该块岩被限制在次蛇绿岩中，这与在土耳其阿达纳附近诱捕白垩纪的梅尔辛蛇绿岩有关。丰富的化石组合为晚Carnian时期Tethyan放射虫动物区系的多样性提供了新的数据，并有助于更好地了解地中海地区的中生代地球动力学演变。

最后，我们要感谢所有作者以及审稿人，他们的贡献和帮助对于出版此特刊至关重要。

隶属关系

1. 苏黎世联邦理工学院地球物理研究所，8092，瑞士苏黎世
   • 斯蒂芬·施密德（Stefan M.Schmid）
2. 贝尔格莱德大学采矿与地质学院，贝尔格莱德Đušina7，11000，塞尔维亚
   • 弗拉迪卡·克维特科维奇（VladicaCvetković）
   •  ＆克里斯蒂娜·萨里奇（KristinaŠarić）
3. 瑞士巴塞尔自然历史博物馆，Augustinergasse 2，4001，巴塞尔，瑞士
   • 丹尼尔·马蒂

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Schmid，SM，Cvetković，V.，Šarić，K.等。前言：特刊-作为更大的环地中海造山带系统的一部分的阿尔卑斯山：在兹拉蒂博尔（塞尔维亚）举行的第13届高山讲习班上发表的论文。瑞士ĴGeosci 112， 1-2（2019）。https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0337-0

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• 收到：2018年12月4日

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• 发表时间：2018年12月20日

• 发行日期：2019年3月1日

• DOI ：https ：//doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0337-0